Encryption is the process of transforming data into an unintelligible form (ciphertext) to protect its confidentiality and integrity during transmission. It ensures that even if the data is intercepted, it cannot be understood or modified without the encryption key. Encryption helps in safeguarding sensitive information from unauthorized access and tampering.

Data integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its lifecycle. It ensures that data remains unchanged and uncorrupted, regardless of unauthorized access or system failures.

A vulnerability refers to a weakness in a network or system that can be exploited by attackers. It can be a flaw or an oversight in the design, implementation, or configuration of a system, which may allow unauthorized access, data leakage, or other malicious activities.

Techniques, Tactics, and Procedures (TTP) refer to the methods and strategies used by threat actors in cyber-attacks. TTPs encompass various aspects such as the tools and techniques employed, the patterns of behavior exhibited, and the procedures followed by attackers during their malicious activities. By understanding TTPs, cybersecurity professionals can better identify and defend against threats.

Application updates refer to updates released by software vendors to improve the functionality, fix bugs, and address security vulnerabilities in their applications. Regularly updating applications is crucial to ensure that the latest security patches and enhancements are applied, reducing the risk of exploitation by attackers.