/usr/bin/xwininfo, xwininfo
Explanation:
The command that can be used to investigate the properties for a particular window in X by clicking that window is xwininfo. xwininfo is a command-line tool that provides information about X windows. When executed, it opens a small window and waits for the user to select a window by clicking on it. Then, it displays various characteristics about the window in question, such as its geometry, position, size, depth, class, name, id, and more. xwininfo is part of the X Window System, which is a graphical user interface system for Unix-like operating systems. xwininfo can be useful for debugging, testing, or scripting purposes. References:
https://bing.com/search?q=command+to+investigate+properties+of+a+window+in+X
https://www.exam-answer.com/linux-foundation-certified-system-administrator-lfcs-simulation-investigate-wind

The /etc/shadow file contains the encrypted passwords and other information for each user account on a Linux system. The third field in each line of this file is the date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password, based on the password aging policy. The /etc/shadow file can be viewed and modified by the root user or by using the chagecommand123. The other files listed in the options do not store the date of the last password change. The /etc/gshadow file contains the encrypted passwords for group accounts4. The
/etc/passwd file contains the basic information for each user account, such as the user name, user ID, group ID, home directory, login shell, etc., but not the password5. The /etc/pwdlog file does not exist by default on most Linux systems, and it is not related to the password change date. The /var/log/shadow file also does not exist by default on most Linux systems, and it is not related to the password change date. References: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/password-changes-chage-command
https://www.golinuxcloud.com/check-last-password-change-expiration-linux/

The SQL WHERE clause is used to restrict the records that are returned from a SELECT SQL query based on a supplied criteria for the values in the records12. The WHERE clause follows the SELECT and FROM clauses and contains one or more conditions that must be true for a record to be included in the result set. The general syntax of the WHERE clause is:
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
The condition can be a comparison, a logical operation, a pattern matching, a subquery, or a combination of these using various operators12. For example, the following query selects all the records from the customers table where the country is 'USA':
SELECT * FROM customers
WHERE country = 'USA';
The other words listed in the question are not used to filter records based on values. They have different meanings and purposes in SQL:
CASE: This is a conditional expression that returns a value based on a set of conditions3. It can be used in SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, or WHERE statements. For example, the following query uses a CASE expression to assign a rating to each customer based on their credit limit:
SELECT customer_name, credit_limit, CASE WHEN credit_limit > 10000 THEN 'High' WHEN credit_limit > 5000 THEN 'Medium' ELSE 'Low' END AS rating FROM customers; FROM: This is a clause that specifies the table (s) or view (s) from which the data is retrieved. It follows the SELECT clause and precedes the WHERE clause. For example, the following query selects the customer name and order date from the customers and orders tables:
SELECT customer_name, order_date FROM customers JOIN orders ON customers.customer_id = orders.customer_id; IF: This is a control flow statement that executes a block of code based on a condition. It can be used in stored procedures, functions, triggers, or batch files. For example, the following code snippet uses an IF statement to check if a variable is positive or negative:
DECLARE @num INT; SET @num = -10; IF @num > 0 BEGIN PRINT 'Positive'; END ELSE BEGIN PRINT 'Negative'; END

Explanation/Reference: