Asset and liability management is typically concerned with all of the following activities:
I. Maintaining the desired liquidity structure of the bank.
II. Managing the factors affecting the structure and composition of a bank's balance sheet.
III. Effectively transferring the interest rate risk in the banking book to the investment bank at a fair transfer
price.
IV. Focusing on the circumstances impacting the stability of income the bank generates over time.

A large energy company has a recurring foreign currency demands, and seeks to use options with a pay-off
based on the average price of the underlying asset on either a few specific chosen dates or all dates within a
specific pricing window. Which one of the following four option types would most likely meet these specific
foreign currency demands?

Mega Bank has $100 million in deposits on which it pays 3% interest, and $20 million in equity on which it
pays no interest. The loan portfolio of $120 million earns an average rate of 10%. If the rates remain the same,
what is the net interest income of Mega Bank?

Bank Omega is using futures contracts on a well capitalized exchange to hedge its market risk exposure.
Which of the following could be reasons that expose the bank to liquidity risk?
I. The bank may not be able to unwind the futures contracts before expiration.
II. Prices may move such that a loss results on the hedge.
III. Since futures require margins which are settled every day, the bank could find itself scrambling for funds.
IV. Exchange margin requirements could change unexpectedly.

Which one of the following four formulas correctly identifies the expected loss for all credit instruments?