Chosen Plaintext Attack
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen-plaintext_attack
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts. The goal of the attack is to gain information that reduces the security of the encryption scheme.
Incorrect answers:
Rainbow Tables - precomputed table for caching the output of cryptographic hash functions, usually for cracking password hashes.
Transposition - swapping blocks of text.
Steganography - the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video.

Key escrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_escrow
Key escrow (also known as a "fair" cryptosystem) is an arrangement in which the keys needed to decrypt encrypted data are held in escrow so that, under certain circumstances, an authorized third party may gain access to those keys. These third parties may include businesses, who may want access to employees' secure business-related communications, or governments, who may wish to be able to view the contents of encrypted communications (also known as exceptional access).

Global deduction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis
Global deduction - the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.
Incorrect answers:
Instance (local) deduction - the attacker discovers additional plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Information deduction - the attacker gains some Shannon information about plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Total break - the attacker deduces the secret key.

Atbash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atbash
Atbash is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher originally used to encrypt the Hebrew alphabet. It can be modified for use with any known writing system with a standard collating order.
Incorrect answers:
Scytale - Transposition cipher. A staff with papyrus or letter wrapped around it so edges would line up. There would be a stream of characters which would show you your message. When unwound it would be a random string of characters. Would need an identical size staff on other end for other individuals to decode message.
Vigenere - method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers, based on the letters of a keyword. It employs a form of polyalphabetic substitution.
Caesar Cipher - Monoalphabetic cipher where letters are shifted one or more letters in either direction. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence.

Payload
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography
The payload is the data covertly communicated. The carrier is the signal, stream, or data file that hides the payload, which differs from the channel, which typically means the type of input, such as a JPEG image. The resulting signal, stream, or data file with the encoded payload is sometimes called the package, stego file, or covert message. The proportion of bytes, samples, or other signal elements modified to encode the payload is called the encoding density and is typically expressed as a number between 0 and 1.