A true positive alert is generated by an IDS system when it correctly identifies an ongoing intrusion attempt on the network and sends an alert to the security professional. This is the desired outcome of an IDS system, as it indicates that the system is working effectively and accurately

hat@red is the FTP credential that was stolen using Cain and Abel in the above scenario. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that allows transferring files between a client and a server over a network. FTP requires a username and a password to authenticate the client and grant access to the server.Cain and Abel is a tool that can perform various network attacks, such as ARP poisoning, password cracking, sniffing, etc. Cain and Abel can poison the machine and fetch the FTP credentials used by the admin by intercepting and analyzing the network traffic.To validate the credentials that were stolen using Cain and Abel and read the file flag.txt, one has to follow these steps:
Navigate to the Documents folder of Attacker-1 machine. Double-click on Cain.exe file to launch Cain and Abel tool.
Click on Sniffer tab.
Click on Start/Stop Sniffer icon.
Click on Configure icon.
Select the network adapter and click on OK button.
Click on + icon to add hosts to scan.
Select All hosts in my subnet option and click on OK button.
Wait for the hosts to appear in the list.
Right-click on 20.20.10.26 (FTP server) and select Resolve Host Name option.
Note down the host name as ftpserver.movieabc.com
Click on Passwords tab.
Click on + icon to add items to list.
Select Network Passwords option.
Select FTP option from Protocol drop-down list.
Click on OK button.
Wait for the FTP credentials to appear in the list.
Note down the username as hat and the password as red
Open a web browser and type ftp://hat:[email protected] Press Enter key to access the FTP server using the stolen credentials.
Navigate to flag.txt file and open it.
Read the file content.

Obfuscating is the technique used by Kevin to evade the IDS system in the above scenario. Obfuscating is a technique that involves encoding or modifying packets or data with various methods or characters to make them unreadable or unrecognizable by an IDS (Intrusion Detection System). Obfuscating can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on signatures or patterns to detect malicious activities. Obfuscating can include encoding packets with Unicode characters, which are characters that can represent various languages and symbols. The IDS system cannot recognize the packet, but the target web server can decode them and execute them normally. Desynchronization is a technique that involves creating discrepancies or inconsistencies between the state of a connection as seen by an IDS system and the state of a connection as seen by the end hosts. Desynchronization can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on stateful inspection to track and analyze connections. Desynchronization can include sending packets with invalid sequence numbers, which are numbers that indicate the order of packets in a connection. Session splicing is a technique that involves splitting or dividing packets or data into smaller fragments or segmentsto make them harder to detect by an IDS system. Session splicing can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on packet size or content to detect malicious activities. Session splicing can include sending packets with small MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) values, which are values that indicate the maximum size of packets that can be transmitted over a network. An urgency flag is a flag in the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) header that indicates that the data in the packet is urgent and should be processed immediately by the receiver.
An urgency flag is not a technique to evade an IDS system, but it can be used to trigger an IDS system to generate an alert or a response.

Temp_High is the command that was sent by the IoT device over the network in the above scenario. An IoT (Internet of Things) device is a device that can connect to the internet and communicate with other devices or systems over a network. An IoT device can send or receive commands or data for various purposes, such as monitoring, controlling, or automating processes. To analyze the IoT device traffic file and determine the command that was sent by the IoT device over the network, one has to follow these steps:
* Navigate to the Documents folder of Attacker-1 machine.
* Double-click on loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng file to open it with Wireshark.
* Click on Analyze menu and select Display Filters option.
* Enter udp.port == 5000 as filter expression and click on Apply button.
* Observe the packets filtered by the expression.
* Click on packet number 4 and expand User Datagram Protocol section in packet details pane.
* Observe the data field under User Datagram Protocol section.
The data field under User Datagram Protocol section is 54:65:6d:70:5f:48:69:67:68 , which is hexadecimal representation of Temp_High , which is the command that was sent by the IoT device over the network.