Which of the following Registry components include offsets to other cells as well as the LastWrite time for the key?

What will the following command accomplish?
dd if=/dev/xxx of=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1

What are the security risks of running a "repair" installation for Windows XP?

Robert, a cloud architect, received a huge bill from the cloud service provider, which usually doesn't happen. After analyzing the bill, he found that the cloud resource consumption was very high. He then examined the cloud server and discovered that a malicious code was running on the server, which was generating huge but harmless traffic from the server. This means that the server has been compromised by an attacker with the sole intention to hurt the cloud customer financially. Which attack is described in the above scenario?

What feature of Windows is the following command trying to utilize?