Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing?
Correct Answer: A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sniffing_attack To prevent networks from sniffing attacks, organizations and individual users should keep away from applications using insecure protocols, like basic HTTP authentication, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Telnet. Instead, secure protocols such as HTTPS, Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), and Secure Shell (SSH) should be preferred. In case there is a necessity for using any insecure protocol in any application, all the data transmission should be encrypted. If required, VPN (Virtual Private Networks) can be used to provide secure access to users. NOTE: I want to note that the wording "best option" is valid only for the EC-Council's exam since the other options will not help against sniffing or will only help from some specific attack vectors. The sniffing attack surface is huge. To protect against it, you will need to implement a complex of measures at all levels of abstraction and apply controls at the physical, administrative, and technical levels. However, encryption is indeed the best option of all, even if your data is intercepted - an attacker cannot understand it.
Question 57
Harris is attempting to identify the OS running on his target machine. He inspected the initial TTL in the IP header and the related TCP window size and obtained the following results: TTL: 64 Window Size: 5840 What is the OS running on the target machine?
Correct Answer: D
Question 58
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?
Correct Answer: A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol LDAP, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is a mature, flexible, and well supported standards-based mechanism for interacting with directory servers. It's often used for authentication and storing information about users, groups, and applications, but an LDAP directory server is a fairly general-purpose data store and can be used in a wide variety of applications. The LDAP protocol can deal in quite a bit of sensitive data: Active Directory usernames, login attempts, failed-login notifications, and more. If attackers get ahold of that data in flight, they might be able to compromise data like legitimate AD credentials and use it to poke around your network in search of valuable assets. Encrypting LDAP traffic in flight across the network can help prevent credential theft and other malicious activity, but it's not a failsafe-and if traffic is encrypted, your own team might miss the signs of an attempted attack in progress. While LDAP encryption isn't standard, there is a nonstandard version of LDAP called Secure LDAP, also known as "LDAPS" or "LDAP over SSL" (SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, being the now-deprecated ancestor of Transport Layer Security). LDAPS uses its own distinct network port to connect clients and servers. The default port for LDAP is port 389, but LDAPS uses port 636 and establishes TLS/SSL upon connecting with a client.
Question 59
Ricardo has discovered the username for an application in his targets environment. As he has a limited amount of time, he decides to attempt to use a list of common passwords he found on the Internet. He compiles them into a list and then feeds that list as an argument into his password-cracking application, what type of attack is Ricardo performing?
Correct Answer: D
A dictionary Attack as an attack vector utilized by the attacker to break in a very system, that is password protected, by golf shot technically each word in a very dictionary as a variety of password for that system. This attack vector could be a variety of Brute Force Attack. The lexicon will contain words from an English dictionary and conjointly some leaked list of commonly used passwords and once combined with common character substitution with numbers, will generally be terribly effective and quick. How is it done? Basically, it's attempting each single word that's already ready. it's done victimization machine-controlled tools that strive all the possible words within the dictionary. Some password Cracking Software: * John the ripper * L0phtCrack * Aircrack-ng
Question 60
Which type of malware spreads from one system to another or from one network to another and causes similar types of damage as viruses do to the infected system?
