The attacker abused a legitimate cloud synchronization service by injecting a malicious executable and replacing the Dropbox access token. This allowed continuous, encrypted data exfiltration through trusted cloud infrastructure without triggering perimeter defenses, which is characteristic of a Man-in-the-Cloud attack.

The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a "zombie".
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there's no interaction between the offender pc and also the target: the offender interacts solely with the "zombie" pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the "zombie" pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different "zombies" with proof of various privileges granted by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to "check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host." The first step in execution associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence:
offender to focus on -> SYN, target to zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to focus on -> RST (IPID increment by
1)
currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender -> RST (IPID increment by 1) So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another. Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you' ll be able to attempt associate idle scan mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it's best to raise permission before mistreatment someone's machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they're} normally each underused (idle) and designed with straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection.
While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you'll be able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor's man idle scanning.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From CEH v13 Guide:
R-U-Dead-Yet? (RUDY) is a DoS tool that targets web applications by sending slow HTTP POST requests with large Content-Length headers. This consumes server resources, leading to a denial of service.
CEH v13 Reference:
Module 9: Denial-of-Service - DoS Tools
"R-U-Dead-Yet? (RUDY) sends long-form POST requests to consume server-side sessions and exhaust resources without completing the transaction."

WPA with TKIP suffers from weaknesses in its use of initialization vectors and RC4 key mixing, which allow attackers to exploit IV reuse and perform packet injection and partial decryption attacks, as demonstrated in known TKIP attacks such as Beck-Tews.