Explanation
We can calculate the duration of the bond as follows:
PV of 1st coupon payment: $5/(1 + 5%/2) = $4.878
PV of final payment: $105/(1 + 5%) = $100
Weighted average of the two = (0.5*$4.878 + 1*$100)/($4.878 + $100) = 0.9767, ie this is the Macaulay duration.
Thus the modified duration is 0.9767/(1 + 5%/2) = 0.9529
(Note that Modified Duration = Macaulay Duration/(1 + y/n), where n is the compounding frequency) In addition to this calculation, in this particular question we can intuitively arrive at the correct answer by eliminating the incorrect choices. Since the bond matures in a year, its modified duration will be less than a year. Therefore Choice 'a' and Choice 'b' cannot be correct. Similarly, 0.700 appears too low as the coupons are not so heavily weighted towards earlier in the year. Therefore only Choice 'c' can be the correct answer.

Explanation
According to the dividend discount model, the spot share prices represent the present value of all the future cash flows from the stock. If held till perpetuity, this becomes an annuity equal to the dividend, growing at its expected growth rate. Therefore Choice 'a' is the correct answer. Choice 'c' would represent the total market cap, and not the value per share that the question asks.

Explanation
Since AUD 1 = USD 0.6831, and USD 1 = SEK 8.1329, AUD 1 = SEK 8.1329*0.6831 = 5.5556.
It is important to remember how exchange rates are generally quoted. Most exchange rates are quoted in terms of how many foreign currencies does USD 1 buy. Therefore, a rate of 99 for the JPY means that USD 1 is equal to JPY 99. However, there are four major world currencies where the rate quote convention is the other way round - these are EUR, GBP, AUD and NZD. For these currencies, the FX quote implies how many US dollars can one unit of these currencies buy. So a quote of "1.1023" for the Euro means EUR 1 is equal to USD 1.1023 and not the other way round.
When calculating cross rates, it is important to pay attention to how the rates are quoted. This particular question is quoted in a very straightforward way because it specifies exactly what the rate means, eg by saying USD/AUD it clarifies that the rate is the number of USDs per AUD. If the question is not clear, remember how exchange rates are quoted - all are against 1 USD, except for EUR, GBP, AUD and NZD where it is the other way round.

Explanation
A hedge based on portfolio duration alone makes the assumption that the price/yield relationship is linear, and ignores the convexity or non-linearity of the price/yield relationship. As prices change beyond small changes, the non-linear effect kicks in, which can be offset by making a convexity adjustment to the hedge. Therefore statements I and II are correct.
Statement III is incorrect - negative convexity has an adverse effect on bond prices regardless of whether prices rise or fall.
Statement IV is correct, a bond hedge based on duration alone may be mismatched along the yield curve (eg, hedging a 10 year maturity bond with a 3 year futures contract, even though of identical total durations), which is based upon the implicit assumption that all rates will move together (ie parallel shifts).

Explanation
Statement I is correct - since forward prices are determined as (Spot - PV of dividends)*e^(rt), an increase in dividends will reduce forward prices.
Statement II is incorrect as forward prices will be determined by near term interest rates, specifically by the borrowing rate for the period of the contract, and will stay unchanged if near term interest rates do not change.
Statement III is incorrect. Futures exchanges require both buyers and sellers to deposit initial margins as prices can move adversely for either of them.
Statement IV is incorrect, as the margin deposited when a contract is entered into is called initial margin.
Margin calls thereafter resulting from movements in prices are called variation margin.
Statement V is incorrect. Most futures exchanges distinguish between hedgers and speculators and require different margins from each.
Statement VI is incorrect. Interest rate futures behave almost identically to their bond counterparts, and carry both duration and convexity.