Two reasons why the user cannot find the Location object while using Data Loader are:
The label of Location may have been changed. The label of an object is the name that is displayed in the user interface and can be different from the API name that is used by Data Loader and other tools. If the label of Location has been changed to something else, such as Site or Venue, then the user may not be able to find it by searching for Location in Data Loader. The user should check the API name of the object in Object Manager or use the Describe Global operation in Data Loader to see all available objects and their labels.
The user's profile needs create access to Location. The user's profile determines what objects and fields they can access and what actions they can perform on them, such as creating, reading, updating, or deleting records. If the user's profile does not have create access to Location, then they will not be able to load records into that object using Data Loader. The user should check their profile permissions in Setup or ask their administrator to grant them create access to Location.
The other two options are incorrect because:
Data Loader should only be used with standard objects is not a reason because Data Loader can be used with both standard and custom objects, as long as they are accessible and queryable via the API.
Location has a master-detail field to Account is not a reason because having a master-detail field does not prevent an object from being available in Data Loader, as long as it meets the other requirements such as accessibility and queryability.

A cross-object formula is a formula that references fields from related objects. The administrator can create a cross-object formula field on the Case object that displays the current status from the Account. This field can be used in validation rules and other processes. Reference: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.tips_on_building_formulas_cross_object_formulas.htm&type=5