A transform map determines the relationships between fields displaying in an Import Set table and fields in an existing ServiceNow table, such as the Incidents or Users table.

Access Controls are rules that define who can access what data and how they can access it. When configuring an Access Control, you can specify the table, operation, and role for the rule. You can also add a condition or a script to further refine the rule. If you do not add a condition or a script, the rule will apply to all records and fields on the table.
The statements A, B, and C are true for Access Controls that have no condition or script. For example:
table.* will grant access to every field in a record. This means that the user can view and edit all the fields on the record, regardless of their role or any other criteria.
table.None will grant access to every record on the table. This means that the user can view and edit all the records on the table, regardless of their role or any other criteria.
table.field will grant access to a specific field in a record. This means that the user can view and edit only that field on the record, regardless of their role or any other criteria.
The statement D is not true for Access Controls that have no condition or script. table.id will not grant access to a specific record on the table. This is because the id is not a field name, but a unique identifier for the record. To grant access to a specific record on the table, you need to add a condition or a script that matches the id of the record.
References:
[Access Control rules]
[Create an Access Control rule]

Configuring the label of a field in a child table changes the label only on that table, not on the base table or the parent table. The base table is the table that contains the common fields for all the extended tables, and the parent table is the table that is directly extended by the child table. The label of a field on the base table or the parent table can be different from the label on the child table. References: [ServiceNow Docs - Table extension], [ServiceNow Community - How to change field label in child table]