Explanation
According to the Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS) Sixth Edition manual, elements that can trigger a review of the existing relationship during the opening of a new account include recent adverse media on the client (page 60) and incoming transfers from high-risk jurisdictions (page 61). The other elements listed, such as regular checks on the flow of funds, a false positive result for name screening, and an estimated total income decrease, are not triggers for a review.

According to the ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Exam (6th edition), page 211, dealers in precious metals and stones (DPMS) are vulnerable to money laundering and terrorist financing risks due to the high value, portability, and fungibility of their products. Therefore, DPMS should apply a risk-based approach to their AML/CFT compliance program and monitor their customers and transactions for any red flags or suspicious activities. One of the red flags for DPMS is receiving payments from or sending payments to unknown or unverified third parties, especially if they are located in high-risk jurisdictions that have weak AML/CFT controls, are subject to sanctions, or are known to be sources or destinations of illicit funds. Such payments may indicate that the DPMS is being used as a conduit or a front for money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion, or other criminal activities. Therefore, if a precious metals dealer opens a new account with a bank and receives or makes payments that reference unknown companies from high-risk jurisdictions, the bank should refer the account to AML investigations for further review and verification of the source and purpose of the funds, the identity and legitimacy of the third parties, and the nature and rationale of the business relationship.
References:
ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Exam (6th edition), page 2111 FATF Guidance on the Risk-Based Approach for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones2 Risk-Based Approach for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS)3

The Black Market Peso Exchange (BMPE) is a trade-based money laundering technique commonly used by narcotics traffickers based in Colombia and Mexico. The central feature is the use of a money trader to ensure that the revenue from drug sales in the U.S. doesn't actually cross any borders. Instead, those dollars are used to purchase any number of legitimate commodities from unsuspecting businesses on behalf of legitimate South American businesspersons, whose legitimate imports are used to obtain pesos for the drug cartels12. The BMPE involves six distinct steps:
Obtaining criminal proceeds: The drug cartels sell drugs for dollars in the U.S.
Involvement of intermediary services: The drug cartels sell the dollars to black market peso exchangers in Colombia at a discounted rate.
Identification of complicit companies: The black market peso exchangers identify exporting companies in the U.S. and importing companies in South America that are willing to participate in the scheme.
Placement of funds: The black market peso exchangers deposit the dollars into U.S. bank accounts or use money service businesses or other methods to transfer the funds.
Layering of funds: The black market peso exchangers use the funds to purchase monetary instruments such as checks, money orders, or wire transfers, or to pay for the goods ordered by the South American importers.
Integration of funds: The South American importers receive the goods or the monetary instruments and use them to pay for their imports or to sell them for pesos in the local market.
References:
1: Black Market Peso Exchange in Money Laundering - Financial Crime Academy
2: Overview - FinCEN.gov

A multinational institution may face challenges in conducting a full investigation of unusual activity across its foreign operations, due to the different legal and regulatory frameworks that apply in each jurisdiction. One of the main obstacles is the local privacy and data protection laws that may restrict the access, transfer, or disclosure of customer information, especially personal or sensitive data, to other entities within the same group or to external parties, such as law enforcement or regulators. Therefore, the institution should be aware of the local laws and regulations that govern the collection, processing, and sharing of customer data, and ensure compliance with them12.
References:
ACAMS Study Guide, 6th Edition, page 191
Which statement about a multinational institution's ability to fully investigate unusual activity in all its foreign operations is correct? - Exam4Training Learn more
1blob:https://www.bing.com/12e36647-a7b4-48a5-9dff-13e7aab69e80
quizlet.com2blob:https://www.bing.com/2c9f865a-c41c-4acb-9e08-acb661cdbbe3 exam4training.com3blob:https://www.bing.com/2c9f865a-c41c-4acb-9e08-acb661cdbbe3 exam4training.com4blob:https://www.bing.com/12e36647-a7b4-48a5-9dff-13e7aab69e80 quizlet.com A multinational institution may face challenges in conducting a full investigation of unusual activity across its foreign operations, due to the different legal and regulatory frameworks that apply in each jurisdiction. One of the main obstacles is the local privacy and data protection laws that may restrict the access, transfer, or disclosure of customer information, especially personal or sensitive data, to other entities within the same group or to external parties, such as law enforcement or regulators. Therefore, the institution should be aware of the local laws and regulations that govern the collection, processing, and sharing of customer data, and ensure compliance with them12.
References:
ACAMS Study Guide, 6th Edition, page 191
Which statement about a multinational institution's ability to fully investigate unusual activity in all its foreign operations is correct? - Exam4Training