Filter XYZ is the best option that meets the budget needs of the business. Filter XYZ has an ALE of $1 million per year, which is lower than any other filter option. ALE stands for annualized loss expectancy, which is a measure of how much money a business can expect to lose due to a risk over a year. ALE is calculated by multiplying the annualized rate of occurrence (ARO) of an event by the single loss expectancy (SLE) of an event. ARO is how often an event is expected to occur in a year. SLE is how much money an event will cost each time it occurs. Therefore, ALE = ARO x SLE. Filter XYZ has an ARO of 0.1 and an SLE of $10 million, so ALE = 0.1 x $10 million = $1 million. Verified Reference: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/casp-cas-004-study-guide , https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24771/annualized-loss-expectancy-ale

Data exposure refers to the risk that sensitive data may be accessed by unauthorized parties.
This can occur when data is stored in the cloud, as the data may be more vulnerable to being accessed by hackers or other malicious actors. To address this concern, the Chief Information Officer should ensure that the cloud provider has robust security measures in place to protect the data, such as encryption, access controls, and monitoring.

Aligning the impact subscore requirements to the predetermined system categorization can help the analyst get a better picture of the risk while adhering to the organization's policy. The impact subscore is one of the components of the CVSS base score, which reflects the severity of a vulnerability. The impact subscore is calculated based on three metrics: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. These metrics can be adjusted according to the system categorization, which defines the security objectives and requirements for a system based on its potential impact on an organization's operations and assets. By aligning the impact subscore requirements to the system categorization, the analyst can ensure that the CVSS scores reflect the true impact of a vulnerability on a specific system and prioritize remediation accordingly.

The best way to achieve the objective of discovering SaaS applications and blocking access to unapproved or identified as risky ones is to implement cloud infrastructure to proxy all user web traffic and control access according to centralized policy (C). This solution would allow the security architect to inspect all web traffic and enforce access control policies centrally. This solution also allows the security architect to detect and block risky SaaS applications.