Explanation
All the others might be included in data labels, but we don't usually include data value, since it is prone to change frequently, and because it might not be information we want to disclose to anyone who does not have need to know.

Explanation
No matter what kind of application, system, or hosting model used, encryption is 100 percent dependent on encryption keys. Properly securing the keys and the exchange of them is the biggest and most important challenge of encryption systems.

Cloud environments depend heavily on API calls for management and automation. Any vulnerability with the APIs can cause significant risk and exposure to all tenants of the cloud environment.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
All of these activities should incorporate encryption, except for profile formatting, which is a made-up term.

Explanation
With SDN, the filtering and forwarding capabilities and administration are separated. This allows the cloud provider to build interfaces and management tools for administrative delegation of filtering configuration, without having to allow direct access to underlying network equipment. Firewalling and protocols are both terms related to networks, but they are not components SDN is concerned with.