The multiplication rule of counting states that the number of combinations available when there are n_1 options in one aspect, n_2 in another, and so on, up to n_k, is n_1 * n_2 * ... * n_k. In this case, the number of combinations is 4*2*3*2*2*2 = 192.

A project has multiple IRRs due to its cash flows switching signs multiple times.

When both demand are inelastic a currency depreciation will actually make the trade balance worse.

To move between direct and indirect bid and ask quotes expressed in terms of two currencies, inverse of the bid provides the ask, and inverse of ask provides the bid. In this case, ask for
$ in terms of CHF = 1/0.4312 = 2.3191. The lower of a pair of quotes is the bid price.