The bid-ask spread is computed as follows: Percent spread = (Ask price - Bid price)/Ask price X 100, or 1.4428 - .4419/1.4428 X 100 = 0.062%.

Since operating leases keep the asset and related debt off the balance sheet, debt will be lower, resulting in a lower debt/equity ratio, and assets will be lower, resulting in a higher return on capital ratio, as well as higher income in the earlier years of an operating lease.

Marginal revenue refers to changes in revenue associated with selling more output.

The CML measures risk with total variability (variance or standard deviation). It is not dependent on beta, which is relevant in the Capital Asset Pricing Model.