If events are independent, then the joint probability of them occurring together is just the product of the individual probabilities. So P(ABCD) = 0.25 * 0.50 * 0.40 * 0.30 = 1.5%.

The par value of a bond is the amount the issuer agrees to repay the bondholder by the maturity date.

Both are concepts which are based on the position of the observations when ordered
(median) and the number of most frequent occurrences (mode). They are measures which are not affected by extreme values.

All balance sheet items are indexed to the total of liabilities and owner's equity, in other words total assets, while income statement items are indexed to net sales.

Venture capital becomes available when financing from banks and public debt or equity markets is either unavailable or inappropriate.