* Fraud Triangle Components:
* The fraud triangle consists of perceived opportunity, rationalization, and perceived financial need.
* Perceived non-shareable financial need refers to personal pressures, such as debt or addiction, that motivate fraudulent behavior.
* Why D is Correct:
* Jenny's actions are driven by her inability to share her financial struggles (her husband's gambling debts) with others, aligning with the perceived financial need leg of the fraud triangle.
* Why Other Options are Incorrect:
* A. Rationalization: Describes justifying fraud, not financial need.
* B. Perceived opportunity: Refers to access to resources to commit fraud.
* C. Perceived acquiescence: Not part of the fraud triangle.
References for All Questions:
* ACFE Fraud Examination Guide and related case studies.
* International Standards on Auditing (ISA) guidelines, particularly ISA 240.
* Criminological research on organizational fraud influences and fraud triangle applications.

Board Responsibilities in Fraud Risk Management:
* The board plays a critical role in overseeing the organization's fraud risk management activities to ensure accountability and effective governance.
Why A is Correct:
* The board provides high-level oversight but does not typically involve itself in the design or implementation of the fraud risk management program.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
* B and D:Design and implementation are management responsibilities.
* C:Punishment of fraud perpetrators is not directly within the board's purview.

Key Elements of Routine Activities Theory:
* This criminological theory asserts that crime is likely when three conditions converge:
* Availability of suitable targets.
* Absence of capable guardians (e.g., security or oversight).
* Presence of motivated offenders.
Why C is Correct:
* Routine activities theory focuses on the environmental and situational factors that facilitate crime, making it distinct from other criminological theories.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
* A (Rational choice theory): Focuses on individual decision-making.
* B (Differential association theory): Emphasizes learning criminal behavior through interaction.
* D (Social control theory): Focuses on societal bonds preventing crime.