Assessing the impact of the proposed change is the first step to begin addressing business needs, as it helps to understand the current state of the IT governance framework, the gaps and issues that need to be resolved, and the potential benefits and risks of the change. An impact assessment can also provide a basis for prioritizing and planning the change, and for engaging and communicating with the stakeholders12. References := CGEIT Exam Content Outline, Domain 1, Subtopic A: Governance Framework, Task 4: Ensure that a continual improvement process is in place to maintain and enhance the performance and maturity of IT governance.

An IT summary dashboard is the best way for a CIO to provide progress updates on a newly implemented IT strategic plan to the board of directors, because it can help to communicate the key performance indicators (KPIs), benefits, risks, and issues of the IT strategic plan in a concise, visual, and interactive way. An IT summary dashboard can also help to align the IT strategic plan with the business strategy, value creation, and stakeholder expectations, and demonstrate the value and contribution of IT to the enterprise. Presenting IT critical success factors (CSFs), reporting results of key risk indicators (KRIs), and reporting results of stage-gate reviews are not as effective as presenting an IT summary dashboard, because they are more focused on specific aspects of the IT strategic plan, rather than providing a holistic and comprehensive overview.
References:
IT Governance Dashboard, ISACA
What is an IT Dashboard?, Smartsheet
IT Strategy Dashboard, ClearPoint Strategy

An organizational change management plan is the best option to have in place prior to the start of an initiative to upgrade the technology and related processes of a rail transport company that has the worst on-time arrival record in the industry due to an antiquated IT system that controls scheduling. An organizational change management plan is a document that outlines the strategy, approach, and actions for managing and implementing a change within an organization. It helps to prepare the organization and its stakeholders for the change, communicate the vision and benefits of the change, address the potential resistance and challenges of the change, and monitor and evaluate the progress and outcomes of the change. An organizational change management plan is especially important for a project that involves a significant technological and process change that may impact the culture, performance, and satisfaction of the employees. By having an organizational change management plan in place before the start of the initiative, the rail transport company can maximize employee engagement throughout the project, and ensure a smooth and successful transition to the new IT system and processes