A venture capitalist has made an equity investment in a private company and is evaluating possible methods by which it can exit the investment over the next 3 years. The private company shareholders comprise the four original founders and the venture capitalist.
Advise the venture capitalist which THREE of the following methods will enable it to exit its equity investment?

Modigliani and Miller are the main proponents of the view that the dividend policy is irrelevant to the value of a company's shares.
They argue that a company that continually reinvests its entire earnings would generate the same shareholder wealth if it engaged in a policy of high dividends and financed its expansion with funds obtained from rights issues.
Which THREE of the following statements are assumptions that are required in order to support this proposition?

Company M's current profit before interest and taxation is $5.0 million.
It has a long-term 10% corporate bond in issue with a nominal value of $10 million.
The rate of corporate tax is 25%.
It plans to continue to pay out 50% of its earnings in dividends and earnings are expected to grow by 3% each year in perpetuity.
Its cost of equity is 10%.
Using the dividend growth model, advise the Board of Directors of Company M which of the following provide a reasonable valuation of Company M's equity?

A listed company is planning a share repurchase.
The following data applies
* There are 20 million shares in issue
* The share repurchase will involve buying back 10% of the shares at a price of $1.20
* The company is holding $4.8 million cash
* Earnings for the current year ended are $3.6 million
The Directors are concerned about the impact that this repurchase programme will have on the company's cash balance and current year earnings per share (EPS) ratio.
Advise the directors which of the following statements is correct?

A company based in Country D, whose currency is the D$, has an objective of maintaining an operating profit margin of at least 10% each year.
Relevant data:
* The company makes sales to Country E whose currency is the E$. It also makes sales to Country F whose currency is the F$.
* All purchases are from Country G whose currency is the G$.
* The settlement of all transactions is in the currency of the customer or supplier.
Which of the following changes would be most likely to help the company achieve its objective?