According to Article 3(1) of the GDPR1, personal data shall be processed in any member state only on the basis of a decision taken at a Union level that is binding for that member state, unless it is derogated from by national law. This means that the GDPR applies to any processing of personal data within the EU, regardless of where the controller or processor is located, as long as it is based on a decision made at a Union level that is binding for that member state.
Therefore, option B would most likely trigger the extraterritorial effect of the GDPR, as it involves personal data of EU citizens being processed by a controller or processor based outside the EU, which may be subject to a decision made at a Union level that is binding for that member state.
Option A would not trigger the extraterritorial effect of the GDPR, as it involves monitoring suspected terrorists, which is not considered processing under Article 4(1) and (2) of the GDPR1. Monitoring may fall under other legal frameworks, such as national security or counter-terrorism laws.
Option C would not trigger the extraterritorial effect of the GDPR, as it involves monitoring EU citizens outside the EU by non-EU law enforcement bodies, which may not be subject to any decision made at a Union level that is binding for that member state.
Option D would not trigger the extraterritorial effect of the GDPR, as it involves processing personal data of EU residents by a non-EU business that targets EU customers, which may not be subject to any decision made at a Union level that is binding for that member state.
References: 1: Free CIPP/E Study Guide - International Association of Privacy Professionals.

According to the GDPR, personal data must be kept in a form that permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which the personal data are processed1. Therefore, the data storage period of the backup system must be aligned with this principle and reviewed regularly. Moreover, the GDPR requires that when a controller (the company) uses a processor (AWS) to process personal data on its behalf, it must ensure that the processor provides sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to meet the requirements of the GDPR and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subjects2. This is usually done by signing a data processing agreement that sets out the subject matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects, and the obligations and rights of the controller3. AWS offers a GDPR-compliant Data Processing Addendum (DPA) that is incorporated into the AWS Service Terms and applies automatically to all customers who require it to comply with the GDPR4. Reference:
Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 24, section 4.2.1
Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 25, section 4.3
GDPR, Article 28
GDPR - Amazon Web Services (AWS), section "GDPR resources"

The GDPR requires that the information provided to data subjects about the processing of their personal data must be concise, transparent, intelligible and easily accessible, using clear and plain language1. However, this can be challenging when the processing activities are complex, diverse or voluminous. Therefore, a good practice is to use a layered privacy notice, which consists of providing a short notice with the key elements of the privacy information, such as the identity of the controller, the purposes and legal basis of the processing, the recipients of the data, the data subject's rights, and the contact details of the data protection officer or the supervisory authority. The short notice can then contain links to more detailed information, either by expanding each section or by directing the user to a separate page or document. This way, the user can easily access the information that is most relevant or important to them, without being overwhelmed by a long and complex notice23. A layered privacy notice can be used on websites, in emails, in mobile apps, or in any other medium where space or attention span is limited4. References: 1 Art. 12 GDPR - Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)2 Layered Notice - International Association of Privacy Professionals3 What methods can we use to provide privacy information? | ICO. 4 Layered Notice - West Virginia.

Under the GDPR, using CCTV on business premises involves the processing of personal data, which requires compliance with the data protection principles and obligations. However, notifying the appropriate data protection authority (DPA) is not one of the steps that a company should take before using CCTV, unless the DPA has specifically requested it or the CCTV involves high-risk processing that requires prior consultation.
The other steps are necessary to ensure GDPR compliance, as explained below:
* Performing a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) is a mandatory requirement for any type of processing that is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals, such as large- scale or systematic monitoring of public areas. A DPIA is a process that helps identify and mitigate the potential privacy risks of using CCTV, and document the measures taken to address them. A DPIA should include a description of the processing, its purpose and necessity, its risks and benefits, the safeguards and security measures, and the consultation with stakeholders. A DPIA should be carried out before the CCTV system is installed or upgraded, and reviewed regularly or whenever there is a significant change in the processing.
* Creating an information retention policy for those who operate the system is a good practice to ensure that the personal data collected by CCTV is not kept longer than necessary for the purpose for which it was collected, and that it is securely deleted or anonymised when no longer needed. The retention period should be determined by the specific purpose and context of using CCTV, and take into account any legal or contractual obligations, as well as the expectations and rights of the data subjects. The retention policy should also specify who is responsible for managing and deleting the CCTV footage, and how the deletion process is verified and documented.
* Ensuring that safeguards are in place to prevent unauthorized access to the footage is an essential requirement to comply with the GDPR principle of integrity and confidentiality, which states that personal data must be processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the data, including protection against unauthorized or unlawful processing and accidental loss, destruction or damage. The safeguards may include technical and organisational measures, such as encryption, access control, logging, audit, training, policies and procedures, that aim to protect the CCTV footage from unauthorized or unlawful access, disclosure, alteration, or destruction, both during transmission and storage. References: GDPR Article 35, GDPR Article 36, GDPR Article 5, CCTV and video surveillance | ICO, 5 Step Guide to Check if Your CCTV is GDPR Compliant