Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A digital signature is a cryptographic method that ensures data integrity, authentication of the message, and non-repudiation. To ensure these, the sender first creates a message digest by applying a cryptographic hashing algorithm against the entire message and thereafter enciphers the message digest using the sender's private key. A message digest is created by applying a cryptographic hashing algorithm against the entire message not on any arbitrary part of the message. After creating the message digest, only the message digest is enciphered using the sender's private key, not the message.

Section: Governance and Management of IT

Planning for implementation should begin well in advance of the actual implementation date. A formal implementation plan should be constructed in the design phase and revised as the development progresses.

Section: Information System Operations, Maintenance and Support
Explanation:
The word INCORRECT is the keyword used within the question. You need to find out a statement which is incorrectly describe about network performance. Throughput the actual rate that information is transferred and Latency is the delay between the sender and the receiver decoding it, this is mainly a function of the signals travel time, and processing time at any nodes the information traverses For your exam you should know below information about Network performance:
Network performance refers to measurement of service quality of a telecommunications product as seen by the customer.
The following list gives examples of network performance measures for a circuit-switched network and one type of packet-switched network (ATM):
Circuit-switched networks: In circuit switched networks, network performance is synonymous with the grade of service. The number of rejected calls is a measure of how well the network is performing under heavy traffic loads. Other types of performance measures can include noise, echo and so on.
ATM: In an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network, performance can be measured by line rate, quality of service (QoS), data throughput, connect time, stability, technology, modulation technique and modem enhancements.
There are many different ways to measure the performance of a network, as each network is different in nature and design. Performance can also be modeled instead of measured; one example of this is using state transition diagrams to model queuing performance in a circuit-switched network. These diagrams allow the network planner to analyze how the network will perform in each state, ensuring that the network will be optimally designed.
The following measures are often considered important:
Bandwidth - Bandwidth is commonly measured in bits/second is the maximum rate that information can be transferred Throughput - Throughput is the actual rate that information is transferred Latency - Latency is the delay between the sender and the receiver decoding it, this is mainly a function of the signals travel time, and processing time at any nodes the information traverses Jitter - Jitter is the variation in the time of arrival at the receiver of the information Error Rate - Error rate is the number of corrupted bits expressed as a percentage or fraction of the total sent The following answers are incorrect:
The other options correctly describe network performance parameters.
Reference:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 275

Section: Governance and Management of IT