Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The efforts should be consolidated to ensure alignment with the overall strategy of the postmerger organization. If resource allocation is not centralized, the separate projects are at risk of overestimating the availability of key knowledge resources for the in-house developed legacy applications. In postmerger integration programs, it is common to form project management offices to ensure standardized and comparable information levels in the planning and reporting structures, and to centralize dependencies of project deliverables or resources. The experience of external consultants can be valuable since project management practices do not require in-depth knowledge of the legacy systems. This can free up resources for functional tasks. It is a good idea to first get familiar with the old systems, to understand what needs to be done in a migration and to evaluate the implications of technical decisions. In most cases, mergers result in application changes and thus in training needs as organizations and processes change to leverage the intended synergy effects of the merger.

The best process for continuous auditing for a large financial institution is validating access controls for real- time data systems. This is because access controls are critical for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the financial data that is processed and transmitted by the real-time data systems. Real-time data systems are systems that provide timely and accurate information to support decision-making and transactions in a dynamic and complex environment. Examples of real-time data systems in the financial sector include payment systems, trading platforms, risk management systems, and fraud detection systems.
Continuous auditing of access controls can help detect and prevent unauthorized access, data leakage, data manipulation, or data loss that could compromise the security, reliability, or compliance of the real-time data systems.
Testing encryption standards on the disaster recovery system is not the best process for continuous auditing for a large financial institution. Encryption standards are important for protecting the data stored or transmitted by the disaster recovery system, which is a system that provides backup and recovery capabilities in case of a disruption or disaster. However, testing encryption standards is not a continuous process, but rather a periodic or event-driven process that can be performed as part of the disaster recovery plan testing or validation.
Performing parallel testing between systems is not the best process for continuous auditing for a large financial institution. Parallel testing is a process of comparing the results of two or more systems that perform the same function or task, such as a new system and an old system, or a primary system and a backup system.
Parallel testing can help verify the accuracy, consistency, and compatibility of the systems. However, parallel testing is not a continuous process, but rather a temporary or transitional process that can be performed as part of the system implementation or migration.
Validating performance of help desk metrics is not the best process for continuous auditing for a large financial institution. Help desk metrics are indicators that measure the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of the help desk service, which is a service that provides technical support and assistance to the users of information systems and technology. Help desk metrics can include metrics such as response time, resolution time, customer satisfaction, and service level agreement (SLA) compliance. Validating performance of help desk metrics can help evaluate and improve the help desk service. However, validating performance of help desk metrics is not a continuous auditing process, but rather a continuous monitoring process that can be performed by the help desk management or quality assurance team.
References:
* All eyes on: Continuous auditing - KPMG Global 1
* Internal audit's role at financial institutions: PwC 2
* The Fed - Supervisory Policy and Guidance Topics - Large Banking ... 3
* Continuous Audit: Definition, Steps, Advantages and Disadvantages 4

Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Given an expected error rate and confidence level, statistical sampling is an objective method of sampling, which helps an IS auditor determine the sample size and quantify the probability of error (confidence coefficient). Choice B is incorrect because sampling risk is the risk of a sample not being representative of the population. This risk exists for both judgment and statistical samples. Choice C is incorrect because statistical sampling does not require the use of generalized audit software. Choice D is incorrect because the tolerable error rate must be predetermined for both judgment and statistical sampling.