Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
The scope of an IS audit is defined by its objectives. This involves identifying control weaknesses relevant to the scope of the audit. Obtaining sufficient and appropriate evidence assists the auditor in not only identifying control weaknesses but also documenting and validating them.
Complying with regulatory requirements, ensuring coverage and the execution of audit are all relevant to an audit but are not the reason why sufficient and relevant evidence is required.

The use of access control lists (ACLs) is the most effective method to mitigate security risk for routers because they can limit Telnet and traffic from the open Internet. Telnet is a protocol that allows remote access to a device, which can pose a security threat if not properly controlled. Traffic from the open Internet can also contain malicious packets that can harm the network or the router itself. ACLs act as filters that can block or allow specific types of traffic based on predefined criteria, such as source and destination addresses, protocols, ports, and flags. By using ACLs, routers can prevent unauthorized access and reduce the exposure to potential attacks.
References:
* Protecting Your Core: Infrastructure Protection Access Control Lists
* Definition, purposes, benefits, and functions of ACL
* CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, page 336

The most important factor to ensure when developing an effective security awareness program is B. Outcome metrics for the program are established. This is because outcome metrics are measures that evaluate the impact and results of the security awareness program on the behavior and performance of the users, and the security posture and objectives of the organization1. Outcome metrics can help ensure the effectiveness of the security awareness program by:
Providing feedback and evidence on whether the security awareness program is achieving its goals and expectations, such as reducing the number of incidents, improving the compliance rate, or increasing the reporting rate1.
Identifying and quantifying the strengths and weaknesses of the security awareness program, and enabling continuous improvement and optimization of the program content, delivery, and frequency1.
Demonstrating and communicating the value and return on investment of the security awareness program to the stakeholders and management, and securing their support and commitment for the program1.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
If the sender sends both a message and a message hash encrypted by its private key, then the receiver can apply the sender's public key to the hash and get the message hash. The receiver can apply the hashing algorithm to the message received and generate a hash. By matching the generated hash with the one received, the receiver is ensured that the message has been sent by the specific sender, i.e., authenticity, and that the message has not been changed enroute. Authenticity and privacy will be ensured by first using the sender's private key and then the receiver's public key to encrypt the message. Privacy and integrity can be ensured by using the receiver's public key to encrypt the message and sending a message hash/digest. Only nonrepudiation can be ensured by using the sender's private key to encrypt the message. The sender's public key, available to anyone, can decrypt a message; thus, it does not ensure privacy.

Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Data owners are primarily responsible for safeguarding the data and authorizing access to production data on a need-to-know basis.