Linking realistic threats to key business objectives will direct executive attention to them. All other options are supportive but not of as great a value as choice C when trying to obtain the funds for a new program.

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY GOVERNANCE
Explanation:
Security strategy will typically cover a wide variety of issues, processes, technologies and outcomes that can best be described by a set of characteristics and attributes that are desired. Control objectives are developed after strategy and policy development. Mapping IT systems to key business processes does not address strategy issues. Calculation of annual loss expectations would not describe the objectives in the information security strategy.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Encryption of data in a virtual private network (VPN) ensures that transmitted information is not readable, even if intercepted. Firewalls and routers protect access to data resources inside the network and do not protect traffic in the public network. Biometric and two-factor authentication, by themselves, would not prevent a message from being intercepted and read.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A permanent decline in customer confidence does not lend itself well to measurement by quantitative techniques. Qualitative techniques are more effective in evaluating things such as customer loyalty and goodwill. Theft of software, power outages and temporary loss of e-mail can be quantified into monetary amounts easier than can be assessed with quantitative techniques.

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY GOVERNANCE
Explanation:
Monitoring processes are also required to guarantee fulfillment of laws and regulations of the organization and, therefore, the information security manager will be obligated to comply with the law. Choices B and C are evaluated as part of the operational risk. Choice D is unlikely to be as critical a breach of regulatory legislation.
The acceptance of operational risks overrides choices B, C and D.