A comprehensive information security management system is a structured governance framework for managing security risks, controls, policies, monitoring, and improvement. Its strongest purpose is to keep information security continuously aligned with business objectives and organizational strategy.

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Explanation:
Rebuilding the system from the original installation medium is the only way to ensure all security vulnerabilities and potential stealth malicious programs have been destroyed. Changing the root password of the system does not ensure the integrity of the mail server. Implementing multifactor authentication is an aftermeasure and does not clear existing security threats. Disconnecting the mail server from the network is an initial step, but does not guarantee security.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Information security should be considered at the earliest possible stage. Security requirements must be defined before you enter into design specification, although changes in design may alter these requirements later on. Security requirements defined during system implementation are typically costly add-ons that are frequently ineffective. Application security testing occurs after security has been implemented.

Explanation
Labeling information according to its security classification enhances the likelihood of people handling information securely. Security classification is a process of categoriz-ing information based on its level of sensitivity and importance, and applying appropri-ate security controls based on the level of risk associated with that infor-mation1. Labeling is a process of marking the information with the appropriate classifi-cation level, such as public, internal, confidential, secret, or top secret2. The purpose of labeling is to inform the users of the information about its value and protection re-quirements, and to guide them on how to handle it securely. Labeling can help users to:
*Identify the information they are dealing with and its classification level
*Understand their roles and responsibilities regarding the information
*Follow the security policies and procedures for the information
*Avoid unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, or destruction of the information
*Report any security incidents or breaches involving the information
Labeling can also help organizations to:
*Track and monitor the information and its usage
*Enforce access controls and encryption for the information
*Audit and review the compliance with security standards and regulations for the infor-mation
*Educate and train employees and stakeholders on information security awareness and best practices Therefore, labeling information according to its security classification enhances the likelihood of people handling information securely, as it increases their awareness and accountability, and supports the implementation of security measures. The other op-tions are not the primary benefits of labeling information according to its security clas-sification. Reducing the number and type of countermeasures required is not a benefit, but rather a consequence of applying security controls based on the classification lev-el. Reducing the need to identify baseline controls for each classification is not a bene-fit, but rather a prerequisite for labeling information according to its security classifica-tion. Affecting the consequences if information is handled insecurely is not a benefit, but rather a risk that needs to be managed by implementing appropriate security con-trols and incident response procedures. References: 1: Information Classification - Ad-visera 2:
Information Classification in Information Security - GeeksforGeeks : Infor-mation Security Policy - NIST :
Information Security Classification Framework - Queensland Government

Explanation
According to the CISM Review Manual, information asset classification is the first step in an information asset management program, as it provides the basis for determining the level of protection required for each asset.
System owners, key applications and information asset inventory are subsequent steps that depend on the classification of the assets.
References = CISM Review Manual, 27th Edition, Chapter 1, Section 1.4.2, page 381.