Explanation

Risk - A measure of the extent to which an entity is threatened by a potential circumstance of event, the adverse impacts that would arise if the circumstance or event occurs, and the likelihood of occurrence.
Protection Needs Assessment - The method used to identify the confidentiality, integrity, and availability requirements for organizational and system assets and to characterize the adverse impact or consequences should be asset be lost, modified, degraded, disrupted, compromised, or become unavailable.
Threat assessment - The method used to identify and characterize the dangers anticipated throughout the life cycle of the system.
Security Risk Treatment - The method used to identify feasible security risk mitigation options and plans.

Explanation
Some products installed on systems can also watch for input values that might result in buffer overflows, but the best countermeasure is proper programming. This means use bounds checking. If an input value is only sup-posed to be nine characters, then the application should only accept nine characters and no more. Some languages are more susceptible to buffer overflows than others, so programmers should understand these issues, use the right languages for the right purposes, and carry out code review to identify buffer overflow vulnerabilities.