Security administrator functions include user-oriented activities such as setting user clearances, setting initial password, setting other security characteristics for new users or changing security profiles for existing users. Data owners have the ultimate responsibility for protecting data, thus determining proper user access rights to data.
Source: TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.

A stream cipher treats the message as a stream of bits or bytes and performs mathematical functions on them individually. The key is a random value input into the stream cipher, which it uses to ensure the randomness of the keystream data. They are more suitable for hardware implementations, because they encrypt and decrypt one bit at a time. They are intensive because each bit must be manipulated, which works better at the silicon level. Block ciphers operate a the block level, dividing the message into blocks of bits. Cipher Block chaining (CBC) and Electronic Code Book (ECB) are operation modes of
DES, a block encryption algorithm.
Source: WALLHOFF, John, CBK#5 Cryptography (CISSP Study Guide), April 2002 (page
2).

An access control model defines a computer and/or network system's rules for user access to information resources. Access control models provide confidentiality, integrity and also provide accountability through audit trails. An audit trail documents the access of an object by a subject with a record of what operations were performed.
Operations include: read, write, execute and own.
Non-Discretionary Access Control is usually role-based, centrally administered with authorization decisions based on the roles individuals have within an organization (e.g.
bank teller, loan officer, etc. in a banking model). A system's security administrator grants and/or revokes system privileges based on a user's role. This model works well for corporations with a large turnover of personnel.

The original answer to this question was RED however I think this is incorrect because of this reason. Both Red and MPLS deal with qos/cos issues, there by increasing speed. Mpls more so the RED. However I have not been able to find any documents that state RED is a security implementation while MPLS is heavy used in the ISP VPN market. See this link for MPLS security http://www.nwfusion.com/research/2001/0521feat2.html Below are the link that are formation of the ration for this answer of B (MPLS)
Congestion avoidance algorithm in which a small percentage of packets are dropped when congestion is detected and before the queue in question overflows completely http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/r12.htm Multiprotocol Label Switching. Switching method that forwards IP traffic using a label. This label instructs the routers and the switches in the network where to forward the packets based on preestablished IP routing information http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/m12.htm Resource Reservation Protocol. Protocol that supports the reservation of resources across an IP network. Applications running on IP end systems can use RSVP to indicate to other nodes the nature (bandwidth, jitter, maximum burst, and so on) of the packet streams they want to receive. RSVP depends on IPv6. Also known as Resource Reservation Setup Protocol. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/r12.htm Random Early Detection (RED) is the recommended approach for queue congestion management in routers (Braden et al., 1998). Although in its basic form RED can be implemented in a relatively short C program, as the speed of ports and the number of queues per port increase, the implementation moves more and more into hardware. Different vendors choose different ways to implement and support RED in their silicon implementations. The degree of programmability, the number of queues, the granularity among queues, and the calculation methods of the RED parameters all vary from implementation to implementation. Some of these differences are irrelevant to the behavior of the algorithm-and hence to the resulting network behavior. Some of the differences, however, may result in a very different behavior of the RED algorithm-and hence of the network efficiency. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps167/products_white_paper09186a0080091fe4. shtml
Based on label swapping, a single forwarding mechanism provides opportunities for new control paradigms and applications. MPLS Label Forwarding is performed with a label lookup for an incoming label, which is then swapped with the outgoing label and finally sent to the next hop. Labels are imposed on the packets only once at the edge of the MPLS network and removed at the other end. These labels are assigned to packets based on groupings or forwarding equivalence classes (FECs). Packets belonging to the same FEC get similar treatment. The label is added between the Layer 2 and the Layer 3 header (in a packet environment) or in the virtual path identifier/virtual channel identifier (VPI/VCI) field (in ATM networks). The core network merely reads labels, applies appropriate services, and forwards packets based on the labels. This MPLS lookup and forwarding scheme offers the ability to explicitly control routing based on destination and source addresses, allowing easier introduction of new IP services. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/xlsw_ds.htm

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Within the System Development Life-cycle (SDLC) model, security is critical in each phase of the life cycle.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Security is critical to each phase of the SDLC model, not only the initiation phase.
B: Security is critical to each phase of the SDLC model, not only the development phase.
D: Security is critical to each phase of the SDLC model, and is not added when the design is completed.
References:
Conrad, Eric, Seth Misenar and Joshua Feldman, CISSP Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Syngress, Waltham,
2012, p. 1087