The model permits a trusted subject to violate the *-property but to
comply with the intent of the *-property. Thus, a person who is a
trusted subject could move unclassified data from a classified
document to an unclassified document without violating the intent
of the *-property. Another example would be for a trusted subject to
downgrade the classification of material when it has been
determined that the downgrade would not harm national or
organizational security and would not violate the intent of the
*-property. The simple security property (ss-property), answer "Simple security property", states that a subject cleared for one classification cannot read data from a higher classification. This property is also known as the no read up property. Answers Secure exchange and Data flow are distracters.

A botnet is a network of compromised computers (often referred to as "bots" or "zombies") that are controlled remotely by an attacker (often called a botmaster). These computers are typically infected with malware that allows the attacker to control them without the owner's knowledge.
Once a botnet is created, it can be used to launch a variety of destructive attacks, such as:
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, where the botnet overwhelms a target server with traffic.
Spamming, where the botnet is used to send out vast numbers of unwanted emails.
Data theft, where the botnet is used to steal sensitive information from compromised computers.
Malware distribution, where the botnet is used to propagate malware to other systems.
Botnets are used for malicious purposes and are a significant security threat on the internet.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is volatile and, therefore, loses its data if power is removed from the system. Conversely, a ROM is nonvolatile in that it does not lose its content when power is removed.
*Flash memories are a type of electrically programmable ROM.
*Answer FPGA is a type of Programmable Logic Device (PLD) that is programmed by blowing fuse connections on the chip or using an antifuse that makes a connection when a high voltage is applied to the junction.
*For answer firmware is a program that is stored on ROMs.

The iris pattern is considered lifelong. Unique features of the iris are:
freckles, rings, rifts, pits, striations, fibers, filaments, furrows, vasculature and coronas.
Voice, signature and retina patterns are more likely to change over time, thus are not as suitable for authentication over a long period of time without needing re-enrollment.
Source: FERREL, Robert G, Questions and Answers for the CISSP Exam, domain 1
(derived from the Information Security Management Handbook, 4th Ed., by Tipton &
Krause).