A risk register is a tool that records and tracks the risks that may affect the organization, as well as the actions that are taken or planned to manage them1. A risk register provides the best evidence that the IT risk profile is up to date, because it reflects the current and potential IT risks that the organization faces, as well as their likelihood, impact, severity, owner, status, and response2. An IT risk profile is a document that describes the types, amounts, and priority of IT risk that the organization finds acceptable and unacceptable3. An IT risk profile is developed collaboratively with various stakeholders within the organization, including business leaders, data and process owners, enterprise risk management, internal and external audit, legal, compliance, privacy, and IT risk management and security4. By maintaining and updating the risk register regularly, the organization can ensure that the IT risk profile is aligned with the changing IT risk environment, and that the IT risk management activities and performance are consistent and effective. The other options are not the best evidence that the IT risk profile is up to date, as they are either less comprehensive or less relevant than the risk register. A risk questionnaire is a tool that collects and analyzes the opinions and perceptions of the stakeholders about the risks that may affect the organization5. A risk questionnaire can help to identify and assess the risks, as well as to communicate and report on the risk status and issues. However, a risk questionnaire is not the best evidence that the IT risk profile is up to date, as it may not capture all the IT risks that the organization faces, or reflect the actual or objective level and nature of the IT risks. A management assertion is a statement or declaration made by the management about the accuracy and completeness of the information or data that they provide or report. A management assertion can help to increase the confidence and trust of the stakeholders and auditors in the information or data, as well as to demonstrate the accountability and responsibility of the management. However, a management assertion is not the best evidence that the IT risk profile is up to date, as it does not provide the details or outcomes of the IT risk management activities or performance, or verify the validity and reliability of the IT risk information or data.
A compliance manual is a document that contains the policies, procedures, and standards that the organization must follow to meet the legal, regulatory, or contractual requirements that apply to its activities or operations.
A compliance manual can help to ensure the quality and consistency of the organization's compliance activities or performance, as well as to avoid or reduce the penalties or sanctions for non-compliance.
However, a compliance manual is not the best evidence that the IT risk profile is up to date, as it does not address the IT risks that the organization faces, or the IT risk management activities or performance.
References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 2, Section 2.1.5, Page
55.

Section: Volume D
Explanation:
A risk analysis deals with the potential size and likelihood of loss. A risk analysis involves identifying the most probable threats to an organization and analyzing the related vulnerabilities of the organization to these threats.
A risk from an organizational perspective consists of:
* Threats to various processes of organization.
* Threats to physical and information assets.
* Likelihood and frequency of occurrence from threat.
* Impact on assets from threat and vulnerability.
* Risk analysis allows the auditor to do the following tasks :
* Identify threats and vulnerabilities to the enterprise and its information system.
* Provide information for evaluation of controls in audit planning.
* Aids in determining audit objectives.
* Supporting decision based on risks.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Assuming equal degree of protection would only be rational in the rare event that all the assets are similar in sensitivity and criticality. Hence this is not practiced in risk analysis.
B: Since the likelihood determines the size of the loss, hence both elements must be considered in the calculation.
C: A risk analysis would not normally consider the benchmark of similar companies as providing relevant information other than for comparison purposes.

Section: Volume B
Explanation
Explanation:
The various tools & techniques used in the identify risk process are as follows:
* Documentation reviews
* Information gathering technique
* Checklist analysis
* Assumption analysis
* Diagramming techniques
* SWOT analysis
* Expert judgment