Section: Volume C
Explanation:
Threat and vulnerability assessment consider the full spectrum of risks. It identifies the likelihood of occurrence of risks and impact of the significant risks on the organization using the risk scenarios. For example: Natural threats can be evaluated by using historical data concerning frequency of occurrence for given natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, fire, etc.
Incorrect Answers:
A, B: These use either some technical evaluation tool or assessment methodologies to evaluate risk but do not use risk scenarios.
D: Risk assessment uses quantitative and qualitative analysis approaches to evaluate each significant risk identified.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Approval of a project initiation document (PID) or a project request document (PRD) is the authorization for a project to begin.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Project management plan is being made after the project is being authorized.
B: Risk response document comes under risk management process, hence the latter phase in project development process.
C: Risk management document is being prepared later after the project initiation, during the risk management plan. It has no scope during project initialization.

The business process owner is the stakeholder who is responsible for the business process that is supported by the IT system, such as the CRM system. The business process owner has the authority and accountability to manage the risk and its response associated with the business process and the IT system. The business process owner should own the risk of customer data leakage caused by insufficient IT security controls for the new system, as it directly affects the performance, functionality, and compliance of the business process. The other options are not the correct answer, as they involve different roles or responsibilities in the risk management process:
* The chief information security officer is the senior executive who oversees the enterprise-wide information security program, and provides guidance and direction to the information security managers and practitioners. The chief information security officer may advise or support the business process owner in managing the risk of customer data leakage, but does not own the risk.
* The chief risk officer is the senior executive who oversees the enterprise-wide risk management program, and provides guidance and direction to the risk managers and practitioners. The chief risk officer may advise or support the business process owner in managing the risk of customer data leakage, but does not own the risk.
* The IT controls manager is the person who designs, implements, and monitors the IT controls that mitigate the IT risks, such as the IT security controls for the new system. The IT controls manager may
* advise or support the business process owner in managing the risk of customer data leakage, but does not own the risk. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 3, Section 3.1.1.1, pp. 95-96.

Section: Volume D
Explanation
Explanation:
The best answer to include the project team members is that they'll need to develop a sense of ownership for the risks and associated risk responsibilities.
Incorrect Answers:
B: The reason to include the project team is that the project team needs to develop a sense of ownership for the risks and associated risk responsibilities, not to assign risk ownership and risk responses at this point.
C: While the project manager shouldn't be the only person to identify the risk events, this isn't the best answer.
D: The reason to include the project team is that the project team needs to develop a sense of ownership for the risks and associated risk responsibilities, not to assign risk ownership.

The performance of a client-facing application is the measure of how well the application meets the expectations and requirements of the clients who use it. The performance of a client-facing application can be affected by various factors, such as functionality, usability, reliability, availability, security, and scalability.
Continuously monitoring the performance of a client-facing application is the process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting on the performance data and metrics of the application over time. Continuously monitoring the performance of a client-facing application can help identify and resolve issues, improve quality, optimize resources, and enhance client satisfaction. The most important thing to ensure when continuously monitoring the performance of a client-facing application is that the objectives are confirmed with the business owner.
The business owner is the person or entity who has the authority and responsibility for the business value and outcomes of the application. The business owner defines the objectives, goals, and requirements of the application, and sets the performance criteria and targets. Confirming the objectives with the business owner can help ensure that the performance monitoring is aligned with the business needs and expectations, and that the performance data and metrics are relevant, accurate, and meaningful. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 4: Risk and Control Monitoring and Reporting, Section 4.3:
Continuous Monitoring, p. 203-205.