When the risk events occur then following tasks have to done to react to it: Maintain incident response plans Monitor risk Initiate incident response Communicate lessons learned from risk events

The best way to identify changes in the risk profile of an organization is to monitor key risk indicators (KRIs), which are metrics that provide information on the level of exposure to a given operational risk1. KRIs can help to monitor the changes in risk levels over time, identify emerging risks, and trigger risk response actions when the risk exceeds the acceptable thresholds2. KRIs can also help to align the risk management strategy with the business objectives and context. The other options are not the best ways to identify changes in the risk profile of an organization, as they do not provide the same level of insight and guidance as KRIs.
Monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) may show the results or outcomes of the business processes, but not the risks or uncertainties that affect them. Interviewing the risk owner may provide some subjective or qualitative information on the risk perception or attitude, but not the objective or quantitative data on the risk exposure or impact. Conducting a gap analysis may show the difference between the current and desired state of the organization, but not the causes or sources of the risk. References = Key Risk Indicators; Key Risk Indicators: A Practical Guide

* Unauthorized data disclosure: The exposure of sensitive or confidential information to unauthorized parties, either intentionally or unintentionally1.
* Proactive approach: An approach that anticipates and prevents potential problems or threats before they occur, rather than reacting to them after they happen2.
* Incident response plan: A set of policies, procedures, and tools that guide an organization's actions in the event of a data breach or security incident3.
A proactive approach to minimizing the potential impact of unauthorized data disclosure is to have an incident response plan. An incident response plan helps an organization to:
* Detect and contain the incident as quickly as possible
* Analyze the scope, cause, and impact of the incident
* Eradicate the threat and restore normal operations
* Communicate with internal and external stakeholders
* Learn from the incident and improve security measures
An incident response plan enables an organization to reduce the damage and disruption caused by unauthorized data disclosure, as well as to comply with relevant laws and regulations that require timely notification and remediation of data breaches3.
The other options are not as effective as an incident response plan in minimizing the potential impact of unauthorized data disclosure, because they do not address the root cause or the response of the incident. Key risk indicators (KRIs), which are metrics that measure the level of risk exposure or the likelihood of a risk event, may help to monitor and manage the risk of unauthorized data disclosure, but they do not prevent or respond to the incident. Data backups, which are copies of data stored in a separate location or medium, may help to recover the data that was lost or corrupted due to unauthorized data disclosure, but they do not protect the data that was exposed or stolen. Cyber insurance, which is a type of insurance that covers the financial losses and liabilities arising from cyberattacks or data breaches, may help to mitigate some of the costs and risks associated with unauthorized data disclosure, but it does not prevent or resolve the incident.
References = What is Unauthorized Data Disclosure? | Egnyte, Proactive vs. Reactive: What's the Difference?, Incident Response Planning: Best Practices for Businesses

The programming project leader solely reviewing test results before approving the transfer to production would be a weakness in procedures for controlling the migration of changes to production libraries, because it violates the principle of segregation of duties, and it exposes the production libraries to the risk of unauthorized or erroneous changes. The programming project leader is responsible for developing and testing the changes, but not for approving and deploying them. The approval and deployment of the changes should be done by an independent and authorized party, such as the change control board or the operations manager.
The other options are not weaknesses, but rather good practices, because:
* Option B: Test and production programs being in distinct libraries is a good practice, because it prevents the accidental or intentional overwriting or mixing of the test and production programs, and it ensures the integrity and security of the production libraries.
* Option C: Only operations personnel being authorized to access production libraries is a good practice, because it restricts the access and modification of the production libraries to the qualified and accountable staff, and it prevents the unauthorized or inappropriate access or modification of the production libraries by other parties.
* Option D: A synchronized migration of executable and source code from the test environment to the production environment being allowed is a good practice, because it ensures the consistency and completeness of the changes, and it avoids the potential errors or discrepancies that may arise from the manual or partial migration of the changes. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, ISACA, 2020, p. 215.