A unique risk associated with short selling is the potential for unlimited loss. When a short seller borrows and sells a security in anticipation of its price falling, they must later buy it back to return it to the lender. If the security's price rises instead of falling, there is no theoretical limit to how high the price can go, leading to unlimited losses for the short seller.
This differs from long positions, where the maximum loss is limited to the initial investment amount.
Study Document References:
* Volume 1, Chapter 9:Short Margin Accounts, including the mechanics and risks of short selling.

Rate-reset preferred shares have dividend rates that are reset periodically, typically every five years, based on the five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus a predetermined spread. This mechanism ensures that the dividend rate adjusts to reflect prevailing market interest rates, offering investors some protection against interest rate risk.
Study Document References:
* Volume 1, Chapter 8:Preferred Share Features, explaining rate-reset preferred shares and their relationship to bond yields.

The gain is calculated as:
* Buying Price:5,000 shares purchased at $15.20 = $76,000.
* Selling Price:5,000 shares sold at $15.25 = $76,250.
* Profit Calculation:$76,250 - $76,000 =$1,000.
This reflects the gain from executing the market orders at the respective bid-ask prices.

When a security price increases in a long margin position, the equity in the margin account increases. The investor gains additional buying power and may withdraw excess margin, which represents the difference between the current equity and the margin requirement.
* Option A:Incorrect; the investor would incur gains, not losses.
* Option B:Incorrect; interest is charged on borrowed amounts, not excess margin.
* Option C:Incorrect; additional funds are not required when equity rises.

A stock split reduces the price per share, making the shares more affordable to smaller or retail investors. This does not increase the market capitalization or shareholder value but makes trading easier by improving liquidity and accessibility.
References:
* Volume 1, Chapter 8:Equity Securities, section on "Stock Splits and Consolidations," describes the purpose and benefits of stock splits for investors, particularly in terms of affordability and liquidity.