Step by Step Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
Definition of Cost of Quality (CoQ):
CoQ is composed of four components:
Prevention Costs: Costs related to activities to prevent defects (e.g., training, quality planning).
Appraisal Costs: Costs associated with evaluating products to ensure defect-free delivery (e.g., testing).
Internal Failure Costs: Costs due to defects found before delivery to the customer (e.g., rework).
External Failure Costs: Costs from defects discovered after delivery (e.g., warranty claims, reputation damage).
Calculation Process:
Defect Prevention Cost: Given as $10,000 (fixed).
Appraisal Cost: $250 per defect for 200 defects = 250×200=50,000250 \times 200 = 50,000250×200=50,000.
Internal Failure Cost: $200 per defect for 200 defects = 200×200=40,000200 \times 200 = 40,000200×200=40,000.
External Failure Cost: $2,000 per defect for 100 defects = 2,000×100=200,0002,000 \times 100 = 200,0002,000×100=200,000.
Total CoQ:
Adding all costs together:
Total CoQ=10,000+50,000+40,000+200,000=300,000.\text{Total CoQ} = 10,000 + 50,000 + 40,000 + 200,000 = 300,000.Total CoQ=10,000+50,000+40,000+200,000=300,000.
Correct Answer and Justification:
The total cost is $300,000, making Option A the correct answer.
Reference and Documentation from Advanced Test Management:
ISTQB Advanced Test Management Syllabus v3.0, Section 2.2.2: This section emphasizes understanding and calculating the cost of quality by segregating it into the four components as seen above.
ATM Sample Exam Questions 2024 (Example Calculations): Highlights similar numerical examples to calculate CoQ.
ISTQB Exam Structure Rules v1.9: Ensures alignment with K2-level understanding for cost analysis scenarios in test management.

* Purpose of the Question:
* Identifying metrics to improve the defect reporting process by reducing ambiguities or improving accuracy.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A. Number of defect reports re-opened:
* Incorrect. This reflects issues with defect resolution rather than reporting.
* B. Number of defects in a particular area of the code:
* Incorrect. This metric pertains to defect clustering, not the reporting process.
* C. Number of defect reports rejected by the developers:
* Correct. Rejected reports often indicate poor reporting quality (e.g., insufficient details, incorrect categorization), directly highlighting areas for improvement.
* D. Number of defects found in a phase later than they were introduced:
* Incorrect. This is a measure of defect detection efficiency, not reporting quality.
* Syllabus Alignment:
* The syllabus stresses the importance of using defect metrics to refine processes, including reporting accuracy (TM-2.3.5).
References:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus (TM-2.3.5)

Topic 10, Scenario 10, V3 "Online Application"
The cancellation of a current major development project has released resources. The development manager has decided to respond to his own request to tender and has proposed an in-house development with the use of a Rapid Application Development (RAO) approach.