In Wi-Fi networks, the 802.11e amendment introduces Quality of Service (QoS) by defining Access Categories (ACs) to prioritize different types of traffic.The AC_VO (Voice) category is designated for voice traffic, which requires low latency and jitter.To maintain QoS across both wireless and wired networks, it's essential to map these categories to appropriate Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values.
The AC_VO category corresponds to the Expedited Forwarding (EF) DSCP value, which is 46.This mapping ensures that voice traffic receives high priority treatment throughout the network, minimizing delays and ensuring call quality.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis

A passive survey is the most appropriate survey type when diagnosing coverage and signal strength issues. It listens to beacons and probe responses to map the RF environment, showing actual signal levels, noise levels, and AP visibility across the site. Passive surveys are particularly valuable for understanding how clients "see" the network when associating.
From CWDP-305:
"Passive surveys are used to validate RF coverage and detect interference. They listen to beacon and other management frames to determine AP coverage areas without needing to associate to a specific AP." Active surveys require client association and are more suited for performance-related assessments (like throughput and latency), while predictive surveys are used for pre-deployment modeling.
- Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Post-Design ValidationandTroubleshooting

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
When transitioning from a centralized to a distributed data forwarding model in a WLAN architecture, it's important to consider the capabilities of the existing APs. Some APs designed specifically for centralized forwarding may lack the necessary hardware or firmware support to operate effectively in a distributed forwarding mode. This can lead to compatibility issues and may require hardware upgrades or replacements to ensure proper functionality in the new architecture.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design

The Physical Installation Guide is developed during the design phase and delivered to the installation team. It contains detailed AP locations (including mounting heights and orientations), cabling instructions, hardware installation standards, and any specific AP configuration notes needed during physical deployment.
From CWDP-305:
"A Physical Installation Guide provides specific instructions to installers, such as mounting height, orientation, and any environmental considerations. This ensures that APs are installed correctly and according to the design."
- Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process