Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The Beckhard and Harris Change Formula (D x V x F > R) in APMG drives motivation. Only A (Dissatisfaction) is a factor-others are external considerations, not formula components.

Explanation
According to Morgan, machines is a metaphor that applies to an organization that has structured and tightly-controlled processes. This metaphor views organizations as rational, efficient, and predictable systems that operate according to predefined rules and procedures. This metaphor emphasizes order, stability, hierarchy, and control.
References:
* https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228163085_Images_of_Organization

Explanation
According to Schein, learning anxiety is the fear or discomfort that people experience when they are asked to learn something new or change their behavior. To decrease learning anxiety, change leaders should create psychological safety, which is the sense of trust and support that people feel when they are learning or changing. One way to create psychological safety is to encourage staff to try new things and experiment without fear of failure or punishment. The other options would increase learning anxiety, as they would create more pressure, stress, and negativity for the staff. References:
https://apmg-international.com/sites/default/files/Change%20Management%20Foundation%20Sample%20Paper (page 11)

According to Morgan, flux and transformation is a metaphor that describes an organization where formal management of change is impossible because the organization is constantly changing and evolving in response to its environment. This metaphor views organizations as complex adaptive systems that are self- organizing, emergent, and nonlinear.

Explanation
The change severity assessment is a tool to evaluate the impact of a change on different dimensions, such as environment, organization, individuals, and project. The environment dimension considers the external and internal factors that affect the change, such as market conditions, competitors, regulations, culture, values, and behaviors. The amount of other activity happening at the same time as the change and the common values and behaviors in the organization are both factors that belong to the environment dimension. References:
https://apmg-international.com/sites/default/files/Change%20Management%20Foundation%20Sample%20Paper (page 11)