https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/alter-table-add-partition.html

An S3 Lifecycle configuration is the best choice for this requirement because it allows the company to define a rule that will automatically delete objects in an S3 bucket after a specified period, in this case, 1 year. This solution provides the least operational overhead because it is a built-in feature of Amazon S3, requires no additional infrastructure or management, and is designed specifically for managing object lifecycles.

Explanation
The performance tuning options that the Engineer can use based on the Query Profile are:
Add a LIMIT to the ORDER BY If possible: This option will improve performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be sorted and returned by the query. The ORDER BY clause requires sorting all rows in the input before returning them, which can be expensive and time-consuming. By adding a LIMIT clause, the query can return only a subset of rows that satisfy the order criteria, which can reduce sorting time and network transfer time.
Create indexes to ensure sorted access to data: This option will improve performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and filtered by the query. The query contains several predicates on different columns, such as o_orderdate, o_orderpriority, l_shipmode, etc. By creating indexes on these columns, the query can leverage sorted access to data and prune unnecessary micro-partitions or rows that do not match the predicates. This can reduce IO time and processing time.
The other options are not optimal because:
Use a multi-cluster virtual warehouse with the scaling policy set to standard: This option will not improve performance, as the query is already using a multi-cluster virtual warehouse with the scaling policy set to standard. The Query Profile shows that the query is using a 2XL warehouse with 4 clusters and a standard scaling policy, which means that the warehouse can automatically scale up or down based on the load. Changing the warehouse size or the number of clusters will not affect the performance of this query, as it is already using the optimal resources.
Increase the max cluster count: This option will not improve performance, as the query is not limited by the max cluster count. The max cluster count is a parameter that specifies the maximum number of clusters that a multi-cluster virtual warehouse can scale up to. The Query Profile shows that the query is using a 2XL warehouse with 4 clusters and a standard scaling policy, which means that the warehouse can automatically scale up or down based on theload. The default max cluster count for a 2XL warehouse is 10, which means that the warehouse can scale up to 10 clusters if needed. However, the query does not need more than 4 clusters, as it is not CPU-bound or memory-bound. Increasing the max cluster count will not affect the performance of this query, as it will not use more clusters than necessary.

Explanation
Snowflake uses file loading metadata to prevent reloading the same files (and duplicating data) in a table.
Snowpipe prevents loading files with the same name even if they were later modified (i.e. have a different eTag).
The file loading metadata is associated with the pipe object rather than the table. As a result:
Staged files with the same name as files that were already loaded are ignored, even if they have been modified, e.g. if new rows were added or errors in the file were corrected.
Truncating the table using the TRUNCATE TABLE command does not delete the Snowpipe file loading metadata.

The SUPER data type in Amazon Redshift allows you to natively store semi-structured data such as JSON. By using the SUPER data type, you can store JSON data in a Redshift table without needing to flatten or transform it beforehand. This approach requires the least effort because it allows you to directly load the JSON data and query it using Redshift's JSONPath and PARTITION BY capabilities without additional ETL processing.