Reference:
https://demand-planning.com/2020/01/20/the-differences-between-descriptive-diagnostic-predictive-cognitive-analytics/

https://www.coursera.org/lecture/explore-core-data-concepts-microsoft-azure/explore-the- characteristics-of-non-relational-data-nP41V

Explanation:

Generally speaking, data analytics comes in four types (Figure 1):
Descriptive, to answer the question: What's happening?
Diagnostic, to answer the question: Why's happening?
Predictive, to answer the question: What will happen?
Prescriptive, to answer the question: What actions should we take?
Reference:
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/answering-whats-happening-whys-happening-and-what-will-happen- with-iot-analytics/

Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/reporting-services/report-design/tree-map-and-sunburst-charts-in-reporting-services?view=sql-server-ver15