Explanation
naive Bayes classifiers have worked quite well in many real-world situations, famously document classification and spam filtering. They requires a small amount of training data to estimate the necessary parameters

Explanation
This is the standard solution of the normal equations for linear regression. Because A is not square, you cannot simply take its inverse.

Explanation
kmeans uses an iterative algorithm that minimizes the sum of distances from each object to its cluster centroid, over all clusters. This algorithm moves objects between clusters until the sum cannot be decreased further. The result is a set of clusters that are as compact and well-separated as possible. You can control the details of the minimization using several optional input parameters to kmeans, including ones for the initial values of the cluster centroids, and for the maximum number of iterations.
Clustering is primarily an exploratory technique to discover hidden structures of the data: possibly as a prelude to more focused analysis or decision processes. Some specific applications of k-means are image processing^ medical and customer segmentation. Clustering is often used as a lead-in to classification. Once the clusters are identified, labels can be applied to each cluster to classify each group based on its characteristics. Marketing and sales groups use k-means to better identify customers who have similar behaviors and spending patterns.

Explanation
In Phase 3, the data science team identifies candidate models to apply to the data for clustering, classifying, or finding relationships in the data depending on the goal of the project, It is during this phase that the team refers to the hypotheses developed in Phase 1, when they first became acquainted with the data and understanding the business problems or domain area. These hypotheses help the team frame the analytics to execute in Phase
4 and select the right methods to achieve its objectives.
Some of the activities to consider in this phase include the following: Assess the structure of the datasets. The structure of the datasets is one factor that dictates the tools and analytical techniques for the next phase.
Depending on whether the team plans to analyze textual data or transactional data, for example, different tools and approaches are required.
Ensure that the analytical techniques enable the team to meet the business objectives and accept or reject the working hypotheses. Determine if the situation warrants a single model or a series of techniques as part of a larger analytic workflow. A few example models include association rules and logistic regression Other tools, such as Alpine Miner, enable users to set up a series of steps and analyses and can serve as a front-end user interface (Ul) for manipulating Big Data sources in PostgreSQL.

Explanation
Regression algorithms are usually employed when the data points are inherently numerical variables (such as the dimensions of an object the weight of a person, or the temperature in the atmosphere) but unlike Bayesian algorithms, they're not very good for categorical data (such as employee status or credit score description).