LMN is a medium sized Organization which has faced a number of challenges due to the recent economic recession. In the last 3 years, its profits have fallen each year and it has made 10% of its staff redundant during the same period. LMN has a hierarchical structure with formal lines of communication. All of the key business decisions are made by a small senior management team, as the senior managers believe that they have the most experience to make these decisions.
LMN has recently hired an external change agent to review its activities and to make recommendations on what it must do to ensure its survival. Having spent several weeks talking to staff and observing the activities and management processes of LMN, the external change agent has made the following recommendations:
1. Reduce the management levels within LMN, as this is limiting its ability to respond effectively to customer demands.
2. Allow some of its staff to take part in the decision making process, as much experience and expertise is being overlooked when making key business decisions.
Which TWO of the following elements of the Cultural Web will be most affected by the change agent's recommendations?

Which THREE of the following statements are correct in relation to the use of the Performance Pyramid?

EFG is a private hospital. It specialises in state-of-the-art laser surgery, an area which has developed rapidly in the last 10 years. Most of the staff of EFG are used to change, as developments in technology, new surgical techniques and customer demands have changed rapidly during this time. However, in the last three years the economic recession has had a significant impact upon EFG, with the numbers of private customers reducing and its profits falling sharply.
The Board of Directors has recently announced that it is to restructure the Organization and rationalise some of the services it offers. A small number of staff will be made redundant and those remaining will have to take on extra responsibilities with no extra pay. Also, the current generous overtime payments are to be drastically cut.
Many staff have expressed concern at the impact that these changes will have on them.
The Board of Directors has clearly communicated the economic reasons for change to the staff through several meetings and are operating an open door policy, whereby staff can discuss the changes with their line managers at any time.
Which of the following, according to Kotter and Schlesinger, is the MOST likely reason for resistance among EFG's staff?