A variable is a named memory location that can store a number or any other type of data that changes over the duration of the program's run. A variable can be assigned a value, modified, or used in calculations or operations. A variable is different from a constant, which is a fixed value that does not change. A variable is also different from a loop, which is a control structure that repeats a block of code until a condition is met. A variable is also different from a function, which is a named block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused12. References := CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4: Software Development3; What is Variable? - Definition from Techopedia

The example given is an example of pseudocode.
Pseudocode is a way of writing the logic of a program or an algorithm in a simplified and informal language that resembles natural language or code, but does not follow the syntax or rules of a specific programming language.
Pseudocode is often used to plan, design, or explain a program or an algorithm before writing the actual code.
A flowchart is a way of representing the logic of a program or an algorithm using symbols and arrows that show the sequence of steps and decisions.
A flowchart is often used to visualize, analyze, or document a program or an algorithm. Looping is a way of repeating a set of statements or actions in a program or an algorithm until a certain condition is met.
Looping is often used to perform iterative tasks, such as counting, searching, or sorting. An assembly is a way of writing the instructions of a program or an algorithm in a low-level language that corresponds to the machine code of a specific processor.
An assembly is often used to create programs that run fast and efficiently, but it is difficult to read and write.
References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 8: Software Development Concepts1

Explanation
ext4 is a type of filesystem that is commonly used by Linux operating systems. A filesystem is a method of organizing and storing data on a storage device such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive. A filesystem determines how data is divided into files and folders, how much space is allocated for each file or folder, how data is accessed and modified, and how data is protected from errors or corruption. ext4 is an improved version of ext3, which was the default filesystem for many Linux distributions until ext4 was introduced. ext4 offers better performance, reliability, and scalability than ext3. HFS, NTFS, and FAT32 are not filesystems that would be most likely used by a Linux computer. HFS is a filesystem that was used by older versions of Mac OS X operating systems. NTFS is a filesystem that is used by Windows operating systems. FAT32 is a filesystem that is used by older versions of Windows operating systems or removable storage devices such as USB flash drives. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 3: Computing Components, page 123.

Prioritization is the example of a disaster recovery exercise that involves ensuring customer data is recovered before operational data. Prioritization is the process of ranking or ordering the importance or urgency of tasks, goals, or resources. In disaster recovery, prioritization helps to determine which data, systems, or functions should be restored first based on their criticality or impact on the business continuity. For example, a company may prioritize customer data over operational data because customer data is more valuable or essential for the business operations. Reference : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 200.