The termeffectrefers to the combined consideration of both the likelihood and the impact of an event. This term is often used in the context of risk assessment to describe the overall outcome or significance of an event.
Key Points About Effect:
* Definition: Effect encompasses the overall implications of an event by combining its probability (likelihood) and severity (impact).
* Application in Risk Assessment:
* Effect is used to prioritize risks by understanding both the chance of occurrence and the magnitude of consequences.
* TheISO 31000:2018framework integrates the concepts of likelihood and impact into the overall effect of risks.
Why Option B is Correct:
Effect captures the combined measure of likelihood and impact, making it the appropriate term.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A. Consequence: Refers solely to the outcome or result, not the combination of likelihood and impact.
* C. Condition: Refers to circumstances or situations, not the combination of likelihood and impact.
* D. Cause: Describes the origin of an event, not its likelihood and impact.
References and Resources:
* ISO 31000:2018- Provides guidance on evaluating risk as the combination of likelihood and impact.
* NIST RMF- Includes risk evaluation methods based on likelihood and impact.

Economic factorsin an organization's external context include macroeconomic conditions and indicators that affect operations, costs, and revenue generation.
* Examples of Economic Factors:
* Growth Rates: Impact market expansion and consumer spending.
* Exchange Rates: Influence international trade and cost structures.
* Inflation: Affects purchasing power and operational costs.
* Interest Rates: Determine borrowing costs and capital investment decisions.
* Relation to External Context:
* These factors exist in the macroeconomic environment and require organizational strategies to manage their impact.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B: Profitability is an internal performance metric.
* C: Supply chain and inventory management are operational factors.
* D: Employee retention and career development are internal HR concerns.
References:
* PESTEL Analysis: Includes economic factors as part of the external environment.
* COSO ERM Framework: Discusses economic conditions in the context of external risks.