To prevent inter-area routing loops, OSPF does not allow advertising routing information between two non-backbone areas and allows sing routing information only within an area or between the backbone area and a non-backbone area. Therefore, each ABR must be connected to the backbone area.

When two routers exchange LSDB information using DD packets, a master/slave relationship is formed first, the router with a larger router ID is the master, and determine the MS bit.

Which of the following PIM protocol packets have unicast destination addresses.

The Interface \P address and VRRP virtual IP address can be the same.

Compared with STP, RSTP defines the different port states. Which of the following statements regarding discarding and learning states are true?