On the campus OSPF network shown in the following figure, the interfaces connecting the five routers are GE interfaces, and their costs are not changed. The import-route command is run on R1. After the network converges, the route to the server at 192.168.1.0/24 is queried on R2. Which of the following is the cost of this route?
Correct Answer: C
Understanding the Network Setup: The OSPF network consists of three areas (Area 1, Area 0, and Area 2). The server's subnet192.168.1.0/24is directly connected to R1 and imported into OSPF using the command: import-route direct type 1 cost 2 Thetype 1specifies the route as anOSPF Type 1 external route, meaning both the external cost and the internal OSPF cost will be included when calculating the total cost. The external cost specified for the imported route is2. Cost Calculation to R2: The interfaces between the routers are GE interfaces, and the default cost for GE interfaces is1. The path from R2 to the server goes through the following hops: R2 # R1:Cost = 1 (intra-area link). R1 # Server:External cost = 2 (specified in theimport-routecommand). Total cost to R2: Intra-area cost (1) + External cost (2) = 3 Verification of Each Option: Option A (2):Incorrect. This only accounts for the external cost, ignoring the internal OSPF cost. Option B (4):Incorrect. This overestimates the cost by adding an extra hop. Option C (3):Correct. The total cost is3(1 for the intra-area link + 2 for the external cost). Option D (1):Incorrect. This ignores the external cost of the imported route. References: HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: OSPF Route Types and Cost Calculation Huawei OSPF Cost Configuration Details
Question 7
Multiple BGP processes cannot be configured on the same router.
Correct Answer: B
On Huawei devices, multiple BGP processes can be configured on the same router, but they are typically used for specific use cases such as multi-instance deployments or virtual routers. This flexibility is supported by Huawei's routing protocols .
Question 8
VRRP defines three states. Only the device in which state can forward packets destined for a virtual IP address? (Write in full and capitalize the first letter.)
Correct Answer:
Master Explanation: VRRP defines the following states:Initialize- The router is starting up or has not joined a VRRP group. Backup- The router is in standby and monitors the Master.Master- Theonly statewhere the deviceforwards trafficfor thevirtual IP address.Only the router in theMasterstate owns the virtual MAC and responds to ARP for the virtual IP.Reference from Huawei HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Study Guide:"In VRRP, only the Master forwards packets destined for the virtual IP address. Backup routers take over only if the Master fails." (Chapter: VRRP Concepts - Section: State Roles and Transitions)
Question 9
On an OSPF network, an algorithm is used to prevent loops within an area, but loops may occur between areas. Therefore, OSPF defines a loop prevention mechanism for inter-area routes. Which of the following statements are true about the loop prevention mechanism?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
OSPF Area Design and Loop Prevention: OSPF uses a hierarchical structure with areas to improve scalability and efficiency. Area 0, the backbone area, plays a crucial role in ensuring loop-free route distribution between areas. The following mechanisms are key to preventing routing loops: Strict adherence to hierarchical area design. Prohibition of direct inter-area route exchanges between non-backbone areas. HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (OSPF Basics and Advanced Concepts). Analysis of Each Statement: A: Inter-area routes cannot be directly transmitted between non-backbone areas.This statement isTRUE. OSPF mandates that all inter-area routing must pass through Area 0. Direct inter-area route exchanges between two non-backbone areas are not allowed to prevent loops. Reference:HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (Inter-Area Routing Mechanisms). B: All non-backbone areas must be directly connected to area 0.This statement isTRUE. OSPF requires every non-backbone area to connect directly to Area 0 to facilitate loop-free inter-area routing. Virtual links may be configured in exceptional cases where direct connection is not possible. Reference:HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (OSPF Backbone and Area Connectivity). C: Inter-area routes need to be forwarded through area 0.This statement isTRUE. All inter-area traffic must traverse Area 0 to ensure hierarchical routing and loop prevention. This rule is a core design principle of OSPF. Reference:HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (Routing Control and Loop Prevention in OSPF). D: An ABR cannot inject Type 3 LSAs that describe routes to a network segment in an area back to the same area.This statement isTRUE. OSPF explicitly prohibits an ABR from injecting Type 3 LSAs describing a route into the same area where the route originates. This mechanism prevents routing loops within an area. Reference:HCIP-Datacom Advanced Routing & Switching Technology (OSPF LSA Types and ABR Behavior). Conclusion:All options (A, B, C, D) are correct. OSPF enforces a robust loop prevention mechanism through hierarchical routing, mandatory traversal via Area 0, and strict rules on LSA propagation by ABRs. This ensures reliable and loop-free inter-area routing in OSPF networks.
Question 10
Drag the following VRRP states to the corresponding working mechanisms.
