In order to protect the BGP protocol from attacks, MDS authentication can be used between BGP neighbors to reduce the possibility of attacks. The ID5 algorithm is simple to configure. After configuration, a single password is generated, and human intervention is required to change the password.

In the network shown in the figure, OSPF protocol is running between R1, R2, and R3, and OSPF BFD feature is turned on. IBGP neighbor relationship is established between R1 and R3 using loopback interface. If GE0/0/1 interface of R2 is shut down, and BGP neighbor relationship is checked on R1, by default, which of the following is the longest time for R1 BGP neighbor relationship to change from Up state to Down state?

Which of the following will not cause the VRRP backup group to flap?

The address family information field of MP_REACH_NLRI consists of a 2-byte address family identifier AFI and a 1-byte sub-address family identifier SAFI. When public IPv4 routes are transmitted under the BGP-IPv4 unicast address family, SAFI is 1. When public IPv6 routes are transmitted under the BGP- IPv6 unicast address family, SAFI is also 1.

In the BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) mechanism, two systems establish a BFD session and periodically send BFD control packets along the path between them. If one system does not receive BFD control packets within a specified period, the path is considered faulty.
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of the BFD session down event?