The new-generation OceanStor hybrid flash storage uses a redirect-on-write (ROW) architecture, not copy-on-write (COW). ROW is more efficient for handling snapshot operations and reduces write amplification.

This statement reflects the architectural evolution of Huawei OceanStor systems. The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) protocol was designed decades ago for mechanical drives (HDDs). It uses a single command queue with a depth of 32 commands, which was sufficient for the physical limitations of rotating platters and moving heads.
In contrast, Non-Volatile Memory express (NVMe) was designed specifically for flash media. It replaces the legacy SCSI stack to eliminate bottlenecks. NVMe supports up to 64,000 queues, each with 64,000 commands, allowing for massive parallelism. Huawei OceanStor Dorado (All-Flash) systems utilize End-to-End NVMe (from the SSD to the controller, and from the controller to the host via NVMe-oF) to achieve microsecond-level latency. While modern flash arrays can still use SCSI (via FC or iSCSI) for compatibility, the full performance potential of an all-flash array is only realized through NVMe. Therefore, in modern storage design, SCSI is the legacy standard for HDDs/Hybrid arrays, while NVMe is the optimized standard for All-Flash arrays.

The OceanStor Pacific 95XX series is recommended for intelligent video and image scenarios due to its optimized performance for handling large-scale video and image data, often required in applications like video surveillance, image processing, and AI-driven analytics. The 95XX series is designed to support high-throughput, low-latency workloads common in these scenarios.

Huawei OceanProtect provides a multi-layered defense to ensure that backup data remains immutable and protected from ransomware attacks. To specifically prevent data tampering and deletion, the following technologies are employed:
WORM (Write Once, Read Many) (Option C): This technology ensures that once data is written to the backup storage, it cannot be modified or deleted by any user (including administrators) until the specified retention period has expired.
Secure Snapshot (Option A): These snapshots are protected by a "read-only" attribute and a retention lock. Unlike standard snapshots, secure snapshots cannot be deleted manually before they expire, providing a reliable point-in-time recovery source even if the primary backup is targeted.
Air Gap (Option B): By physically or logically isolating a copy of the data in an "Air Gap" zone that is disconnected from the network most of the time, Huawei ensures that the data is unreachable for tampering or deletion by attackers who have gained access to the production network.
Detection and analysis (Option D) is part of the solution, but its purpose is to identify an ongoing attack or infected files, rather than physically preventing the tampering or deletion of the data itself.