The overhead ratio is a factor that affects the error correction capability of FEC technology. Generally, under the same FEC encoding/decoding algorithm, the higher the overhead ratio, the greater the net coding benefit.

The network element automatically backs up the network element database to the FLASH database every 30 minutes by default.

In WDM systems, when using less than () wavelength, it is ideal to use a dielectric thin film filter (TFF).

The NG WDM two-dimensional ROADM site can use the WSMD9 single board, and its signal flow is an optical signal that is connected to the main optical channel from the "IN" optical port. The RDU (ROADM Demix Unit) optical module broadcasts 9 identical optical signals, which are output from the "DM1~DM8" and "ECPO" optical ports respectively. One of the signals is localized by the splitter board, and the other eight signals are dispatched to the other eight directions. Each wave of the main optical channel is connected from the "EXPI" optical port. The multiplexed or single-wave optical signal that needs to be inserted locally is input through the "AM1"~"AM8" optical port.

When performing fiber synchronization, the network element does not create a fiber. What does it indicate?