Vectoring in VDSL2 :
Vectoring is a technology used to mitigate crosstalk (interference between adjacent copper lines) in VDSL2 systems, improving data rates and stability.
Crosstalk occurs when signals from one line interfere with signals on another line, especially in bundled copper cables.
Pre-coder Technology:
Pre-coding is a key technique used in vectoring for downstream transmission. It works by pre- distorting the transmitted signal at the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) to cancel out the expected crosstalk at the receiver (CPE). This ensures that the received signal at each CPE is free from interference caused by other lines.