Production flow through a constraint is managed using the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) system. The drum (i.e., the beat to which a production process marches) is the bottleneck operation. The constraint sets the pace for the entire process. The buffer is a minimal amount of work-in-process input to the drum that is maintained to ensure that it is always in operation. The rope is the sequence of activities preceding and including the bottleneck operation that must be coordinated to avoid inventory buildup.

An entry debiting prepaid property taxes and crediting property tax expense is needed at the balance sheet date when prepayments are initially recorded in an expense account.
This adjusting entry defers expense recognition to the future period in which the property taxes apply.

A distribution channel is a series of interdependent marketing institutions that facilitate the transfer of a product from producer seller) to consumer buyer). Intermediaries include merchant middlemen, agents, brokers, consignees, and facilitating intermediaries.

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