Safety stock is inventory maintained to reduce the number of stock outs resulting from higher-than-expected demand during lead time. Maintaining a safety stock avoids the costs of stock outs, e.g., lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.

Linear programming is a technique used to optimize an objective function, that is, to maximize a revenue or profit function or to minimize a cost function, subject to constraints, e.g., limited scarce) resources or minimum/maximum levels of production, performance, etc.
In business, linear programming is used for planning resource allocations. Managers are often faced with problems of selecting the most profitable or least costly way to use available resources.

Organizations should maintain contingency plans for operations in the case of a disaster. These plans usually include off-site storage of important backup data and an arrangement for the continuation of operations at another location. A "cold site" has all needed assets in place except the needed computer equipment and is vendor-dependent for timely delivery of equipment.

Reference: IIA Business Knowledge for Internal Auditing, BYOD Security Controls section.